141505-33-1 | Levosimendan

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
1mg	98%	in stock	$15.00	$10.00
25mg	98%	in stock	$23.00	$16.00
100mg	98%	in stock	$49.00	$34.00
250mg	98%	in stock	$102.00	$71.00
1g	98%	in stock	$300.00	$210.00
5g	98%	in stock	$1,048.00	$734.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AD53339
• Chemical Name: Levosimendan
• CAS Number: 141505-33-1
• Molecular Formula: C14H12N6O
• Molecular Weight: 280.2847
• MDL Number: MFCD00867135
• SMILES: N#CC(=NNc1ccc(cc1)C1=NNC(=O)C[C@H]1C)C#N
• NSC Number: 759644

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 549
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 21
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 3
• XLogP3: 2.3

Literature

• [Retrospective descriptive study about the use of levosimendan in children undergoing surgical correction for congenital heart disease].

  Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 20121101

• Beneficial effects of levosimendan in infants with sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction: report of 2 cases.

  Pediatric emergency care 20121001

• Levosimendan infusion improves cardiac output but not blood pressure in a rodent model of severe metoprolol toxicity.

  Human & experimental toxicology 20120901

• Levosimendan versus milrinone in neonates and infants after corrective open-heart surgery: a pilot study.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20120901

• Levosimendan: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications: consensus of experts on the mechanisms of action of levosimendan.

  International journal of cardiology 20120823

• Levosimendan versus an intra-aortic balloon pump in high-risk cardiac patients.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20120801

• Effects of levosimendan on renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20120801

• Levosimendan protection against kidney ischemia/reperfusion injuries in anesthetized pigs.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20120801

• Short-term levosimendan treatment protects rat testes against oxidative stress.

  Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 20120801

• Continuous levosimendan infusion for refractory cardiogenic shock complicating severe acute dichlorvos poisoning.

  The American journal of the medical sciences 20120801

• Levosimendan infusion in newborns after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease: randomized controlled trial.

  Intensive care medicine 20120701

• ST-segment elevation during levosimendan infusion.

  Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 20120701

• Effects of levosimendan on TNF-alpha, BNP and MMP-1 in patients with heart failure with anemia.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20120701

• Sepsis-associated takotsubo cardiomyopathy can be reversed with levosimendan.

  The American journal of emergency medicine 20120601

• The effects of levosimendan vs dobutamine added to dopamine on liver functions assessed with noninvasive liver function monitoring in patients with septic shock.

  Journal of critical care 20120601

• Effects of combined levosimendan and vasopressin on pulmonary function in porcine septic shock.

  Inflammation 20120601

• A dose-response study of levosimendan in a porcine model of acute ischaemic heart failure.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20120601

• The predictive value of QRS duration in response to levosimendan therapy in patients with decompensated heart failure.

  Acta cardiologica 20120601

• Dobutamine-induced changes of left atrial two-dimensional deformation predict clinical and neurohumoral improvement after levosimendan treatment in patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure.

  International journal of cardiology 20120517

• Levosimendan attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in a porcine model.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20120501

• The antiangiogenic effects of levosimendan in a CAM assay.

  Microvascular research 20120501

• The inhibitory in-vitro effect of high-dose levosimendan on platelet function may be mediated through its action as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

  Coronary artery disease 20120501

• Novel strategies for the management of right ventricular failure with pulmonary hypertension.

  Thorax 20120401

• Prolonged antispasmodic effect in isolated radial artery graft and pronounced platelet inhibition induced by the inodilator drug, levosimendan.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20120301

• Milrinone is preferred to levosimendan for mesenteric perfusion in hypoxia-reoxygenated newborn piglets treated with dopamine.

  Pediatric research 20120301

• Neonatal blood pressure support: the use of inotropes, lusitropes, and other vasopressor agents.

  Clinics in perinatology 20120301

• Levosimendan does not improve cardiac output or blood pressure in a rodent model of propranolol toxicity when administered using various dosing regimens.

  International journal of toxicology 20120301

• Beta blocker therapy, decompensated heart failure, and inotropic interactions: current perspectives.

  The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 20120301

• [Hemodynamic and efficacies of domestic levosimendan versus dobutamine in patients with acute decompensated heart failure].

  Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 20120227

• Effects of levosimendan on mortality and hospitalization. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

  Critical care medicine 20120201

• [The effect of levosimendan and dobutamine treatment on QT dispersion in patients with decompensated heart failure: a prospective study].

  Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 20120201

• How can you mend a broken heart?

  Critical care medicine 20120201

• [Comparison on efficacy and safety between domestic levosimendan versus dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure].

  Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi 20120201

• The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves human diaphragm function.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20120101

• Levosimendan is superior to epinephrine in improving myocardial function after cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in rats.

  The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 20120101

• Differential hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in a porcine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation.

  Neonatology 20120101

• Levosimendan in two neonates with ischemic heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.

  Neonatology 20120101

• Inotropic support in the NICU: ever more compounds in search of guidance? Commentary on J. Esch et al.: differential hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in a porcine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation (Neonatology 2012;101:192–200) and M.P. De Carolis et al.: levosimendan in two neonates with ischemic heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (Neonatology 2012;101:201–205).

  Neonatology 20120101

• Preoperative treatment with levosimendan in candidates for mechanical circulatory support.

  ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992) 20120101

• A drug therapy for muscle dysfunction in respiratory disorders?

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20120101

• Hyperglycemia raises the threshold of levosimendan- but not milrinone-induced postconditioning in rat hearts.

  Cardiovascular diabetology 20120101

• Pharmacologic interventions to improve splanchnic oxygenation during ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure.

  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 20120101

• Levosimendan produces an additional clinical and hemodynamic benefit in patients with decompensated heart failure successfully submitted to a fluid removal treatment.

  Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.) 20120101

• [Levosimendan reduces mortality in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

  Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 20120101

• Vasoactive compounds in the neonatal period.

  Current medicinal chemistry 20120101

• [Possibilities of using levosimendan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20120101

• Levosimendan versus an intra-aortic balloon pump in adult cardiac surgery patients with low cardiac output.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20111201

• Prevention for pediatric low cardiac output syndrome: results from the European survey EuLoCOS-Paed.

  Paediatric anaesthesia 20111201

• Effects of levosimendan on cardiac gene expression profile and post-infarct cardiac remodelling in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20111101

• Pharmacologic therapy of heart failure in children: part of a special series on paediatric pharmacology, guest edited by Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Emilio Clementi, and Massimo Molteni.

  Pharmacological research 20111101

• How mechanical circulatory support helps not to need it--new strategies in pediatric heart failure.

  Artificial organs 20111101

• [Levosimendan treatment of severe acute congestive heart failure refractory to dobutamine/milrinone in children].

  Vojnosanitetski pregled 20111101

• [Calcium mobilizers and calcium sensitizers].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20111101

• Levosimendan decreases intracranial pressure after hypothermic circulatory arrest in a porcine model.

  Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ 20111001

• Levosimendan reduces heart failure after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

  Critical care medicine 20111001

• Cost-effectiveness of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20111001

• Age-dependent effects of milrinone and levosimendan on ventricular function and haemodynamics in newborn and mature pigs.

  Cardiology in the young 20111001

• Treatment of acute heart failure using levosimendan for a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic renal failure, and hypertension.

  Pediatric cardiology 20111001

• Levosimendan--an inoprotective drug or much ado about nothing?

  Critical care medicine 20111001

• Multiple signalling pathways underlie the protective effect of levosimendan in cardiac myocytes.

  European journal of pharmacology 20110930

• Current pharmacologic management of pediatric heart failure in congenital heart disease.

  Current vascular pharmacology 20110901

• Management of acute cardiac failure by intracoronary administration of levosimendan.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20110901

• Value of IGF-I levels in the evaluation of response to treatment with levosimendan in patients with severe heart failure.

  Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 20110901

• Newer inotropes in pediatric heart failure.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20110801

• Levosimendan versus intra-aortic balloon pump in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20110801

• Levosimendan restores the positive force-frequency relation in heart failure.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20110801

• No beneficial effects of levosimendan in acute porcine endotoxaemia.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20110801

• Levosimendan attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling.

  Intensive care medicine 20110801

• Is preoperative levosimendan indicated to treat normal left ventricular function and left ventricle outflow obstruction?

  British journal of anaesthesia 20110801

• Effect of levosimendan and predictors of recovery in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy, a randomized clinical trial.

  Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 20110701

• Levosimendan in congenital cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20110601

• Combined exogenous and endogenous catecholamine release associated with Tako-Tsubo like syndrome in a patient with atrio-ventricular block undergoing pace-maker implantation.

  Acute cardiac care 20110601

• Cardiovascular effects of the combination of levosimendan and valsartan in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats.

  Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 20110601

• Beneficial association of β-blocker therapy on recovery from severe acute heart failure treatment: data from the Survival of Patients With Acute Heart Failure in Need of Intravenous Inotropic Support trial.

  Critical care medicine 20110501

• Acetylation status does not affect levosimendan's hemodynamic effects in heart failure patients.

  Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ 20110401

• Intracoronary levosimendan prevents myocardial ischemic damages and activates survival signaling through ATP-sensitive potassium channel and nitric oxide.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20110401

• Oral levosimendan improves filling pressure and systolic function during long-term treatment.

  Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ 20110401

• Levosimendan: from coronary care to intensive care?

  Intensive care medicine 20110401

• The effects of levosimendan and glibenclamide on circulatory and metabolic variables in a canine model of acute hypoxia.

  Intensive care medicine 20110401

• Levosimendan vs. intra-aortic balloon pump in high-risk cardiac surgery.

  Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 20110401

• Combined arginine vasopressin and levosimendan: a promising therapy for septic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20110401

• Levosimendan preserves the contractile responsiveness of hypoxic human myocardium via mitochondrial K(ATP) channel and potential pERK 1/2 activation.

  European journal of pharmacology 20110325

• Levosimendan improves pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines imbalance in male patients with advanced heart failure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

  International journal of cardiology 20110303

• Preoperative levosimendan infusion in combined aortic valve and coronary bypass surgery.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20110301

• Mechanism of cardioprotective effect of adenocine and non-glycoside cardiotonic drugs during experimental chronic cardiac insufficiency.

  Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20110301

• Weaning difficult-to-wean chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a pilot study comparing initial hemodynamic effects of levosimendan and dobutamine.

  Journal of critical care 20110201

• Levosimendan improves calcium sensitivity of diaphragm muscle fibres from a rat model of heart failure.

  British journal of pharmacology 20110201

• Levosimendan reduces plasma cell-free DNA levels in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

  Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 20110201

• Levosimendan modulates programmed forms of cell death through K(ATP) channels and nitric oxide.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20110201

• Rotating inotrope therapy in a pediatric population with decompensated heart failure.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20110101

• Acute effects of levosimendan on cerebral and systemic perfusion and oxygenation in newborns: an observational study.

  Neonatology 20110101

• The protective effects of levosimendan on ischemia/reperfusion injury and apoptosis.

  Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery 20110101

• Levosimendan: from basic science to clinical trials.

  Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery 20110101

• Effects of levosimendan/furosemide infusion on plasma brain natriuretic peptide, echocardiographic parameters and cardiac output in end-stage heart failure patients.

  Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 20110101

• Levosimendan and mortality after coronary revascularisation: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

  Critical care (London, England) 20110101

• Levosimendan inhibits release of reactive oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro and in patients with acute heart failure and septic shock: a prospective observational study.

  Critical care (London, England) 20110101

• [Efficacy of levosimendan vs dopamine in patients with resistant cardiac failure].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20110101

• Levosimendan for primary graft failure after heart transplantation: a 3-year follow-up.

  Transplantation proceedings 20110101

• In vivo and in vitro evidence for pleiotropic effects of levosimendan in the intensive care setting.

  Critical care (London, England) 20110101

• Effects of levosimendan without loading dose on systolic and diastolic function in patients with end-stage heart failure.

  Cardiology journal 20110101

• A structural and functional perspective into the mechanism of Ca2+-sensitizers that target the cardiac troponin complex.

  Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 20101201

• Cardiovascular pharmacology: an update.

  Anesthesiology clinics 20101201

• Levosimendan: calcium sensitizer and inodilator.

  Anesthesiology clinics 20101201

• Acute effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on QRS duration in patients with heart failure.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20101201

• Exploring the ground and excited states structural diversity of levosimendan, a cardiovascular calcium sensitizer.

  The journal of physical chemistry. B 20101118

• [Acute early postpartum cardiac failure associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: successful treatment with intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation and levosimendan].

  Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation 20101101

• Do levosimendan have an adverse effect on platelet function?

  International journal of cardiology 20101029

• Effects of combined arginine vasopressin and levosimendan on organ function in ovine septic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20101001

• Levosimendan improves cardiac function and survival in rats with angiotensin II-induced hypertensive heart failure.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20101001

• Vasopressin, levosimendan, and cardiovascular function in septic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20101001

• [Treatment of heart failure patients with inotropic drugs: beyond traditional agents].

  Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006) 20101001

• Levosimendan as a rescue adjunct in amlodipine intoxication--a case report.

  Middle East journal of anaesthesiology 20101001

• Levosimendan increases portal blood flow and attenuates intestinal intramucosal acidosis in experimental septic shock.

  Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 20100901

• Direct cardiac effects of dobutamine, dopamine, epinephrine, and levosimendan in isolated septic rat hearts.

  Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 20100901

• Absence of mitochondrial activation during levosimendan inotropic action in perfused paced guinea pig hearts as demonstrated by modular control analysis.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20100901

• Acute effects of levosimendan on mitral regurgitation and diastolic function in patients with advanced chronic heart failure.

  Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 20100901

• Acute heart failure with low cardiac output: can we develop a short-term inotropic agent that does not increase adverse events?

  Current heart failure reports 20100901

• Short-term effect of levosimendan on free light chain kappa and lambda levels in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure.

  Heart and vessels 20100901

• Levosimendan attenuates reperfusion injury in an isolated perfused rat heart model.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20100801

• Relaxant effect of Levosimendan on human uterine contractility in vitro.

  American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20100801

• Levosimendan in acute decompensated heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20100801

• [Therapeutic strategies in acute decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock].

  Der Internist 20100801

• Correspondence concerning the article: is levosimendan better than dobutamine in acute heart failure in patients on beta blockade treatment? What is the evidence?

  European journal of heart failure 20100801

• How to treat acute decompensated heart failure in the 'beta-blocker era'?

  European journal of heart failure 20100801

• Efficacy of levosimendan in patients with chronic heart failure: Does rhythm matter?

  Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 20100801

• Levosimendan in the treatment of cardiogenic shock.

  Minerva cardioangiologica 20100801

• Can pulmonary artery hypertension be attributed to levosimendan? A problematic based on a patient's case.

  Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 20100701

• Mechanical support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock: has progress been made?

  Journal of cardiac surgery 20100701

• Levosimendan and pulmonary hypertension.

  Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 20100701

• Levosimendan - a calcium sensitising agent with potential anti-arrhythmic properties.

  International journal of clinical practice 20100701

• Levosimendan up-regulates transforming growth factor-beta and smad signaling in the aorta in the early stage of sepsis.

  Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES 20100701

• [Levosimendan and dobutamine have a similar profile for potential risk for cardiac arrhythmias during 24-hour infusion in patients with acute decompensated heart failure].

  Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir 20100701

• Levosimendan and platelet function.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20100601

• Comparative hemodynamic effects of levosimendan alone and in conjunction with 4-aminopyridine or calcium chloride in a rodent model of severe verapamil poisoning.

  Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 20100601

• [Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in decompensated heart failure].

  Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi 20100601

• Importance of levosimendan on right ventricular function in patients with biventricular heart failure.

  Critical care medicine 20100501

• In response to Leppikangas H, et al, Levosimendan as a rescue drug in experimental propranolol-induced myocardial depression: a randomized study.

  Annals of emergency medicine 20100501

• Levosimendan in cardiac failure after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

  The Journal of trauma 20100501

• Hospital costs for treatment of acute heart failure: economic analysis of the REVIVE II study.

  The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care 20100401

• Levosimendan reduces mortality in critically ill patients. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

  Minerva anestesiologica 20100401

• Is levosimendan better than dobutamine in acute heart failure in patients on beta-blockade treatment? What is the evidence?

  European journal of heart failure 20100401

• Intravenous levosimendan vs. dobutamine in acute decompensated heart failure patients on beta-blockers.

  European journal of heart failure 20100401

• A promising new inotrope: levosimendan.

  Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 20100401

• Postconditioning with levosimendan reduces the infarct size involving the PI3K pathway and KATP-channel activation but is independent of PDE-III inhibition.

  Basic research in cardiology 20100301

• Levosimedan improves hemodynamics functions without sympathetic activation in severe heart failure patients: direct evidence from sympathetic neural recording.

  Acute cardiac care 20100301

• Oxygen-wasting effect of inotropy: is there a need for a new evaluation? An experimental large-animal study using dobutamine and levosimendan.

  Circulation. Heart failure 20100301

• Concomitant levosimendan and esmolol infusion in ischaemic cardiogenic shock.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20100301

• Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide reduction predicts long-term response to levosimendan therapy in acutely decompensated chronic heart failure.

  International journal of cardiology 20100218

• Levosimendan for the treatment of acute severe heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

  International journal of cardiology 20100204

• Levosimendan and cardiac surgery.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20100201

• Calcium sensitisation impairs diastolic relaxation in post-ischaemic myocardium: implications for the use of Ca(2+) sensitising inotropes after cardiac surgery.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20100201

• Reducing mortality in cardiac surgery with levosimendan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20100201

• Ca2+ sensitizers: An emerging class of agents for counterbalancing weakness in skeletal muscle diseases?

  Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 20100201

• Rationale and design of the multicentre randomized trial investigating the efficacy and safety of pulsed infusions of levosimendan in outpatients with advanced heart failure (LevoRep study).

  European journal of heart failure 20100201

• Modulation of programmed forms of cell death by intracoronary levosimendan during regional myocardial ischemia in anesthetized pigs.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20100201

• Levosimendan cardioprotection in acutely beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocked open chest pigs.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20100101

• Initial experience with levosimendan infusion for preoperative management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

  Pediatric cardiology 20100101

• Levosimendan in acute and chronic right ventricle failure.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20100101

• Efficacy of levosimendan in Takotsubo-related cardiogenic shock.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20100101

• Superiority of levosimendan over dobutamine in right ventricle failure.

  Critical care medicine 20100101

• The effect of levosimendan on bupivacaine-induced severe myocardial depression in anesthetized pigs.

  Regional anesthesia and pain medicine 20100101

• Levosimendan and quality of life.

  Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese 20100101

• Intravenous levosimendan-norepinephrine combination during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a hemodialysis patient with severe myocardial dysfunction.

  Journal of cardiothoracic surgery 20100101

• Effect of levosimendan in experimental verapamil-induced myocardial depression.

  Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 20100101

• Beneficial effects of levosimendan on cerebral vasospasm induced by subarachnoid haemorrhage: an experimental study.

  Brain injury 20100101

• [Use of levosimendan in cardiosurgical patients with chronic heart insufficiency].

  Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia 20100101

• [Study evaluating the impact of a combination of inotropic support and heart rate control on prognosis and stabilization rate in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (LEGION)].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20100101

• Levosimendan neither improves nor worsens mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

  Vascular health and risk management 20100101

• Neuroprotective properties of levosimendan in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury.

  BMC neurology 20100101

• Levosimendan for resuscitating the microcirculation in patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled study.

  Critical care (London, England) 20100101

• [Intensive care for newborns and babies of the first year of life with acute heart failure after cardiosurgical interventions].

  Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia 20100101

• [Inotropic agents for treatment of acute heart failure syndromes in intensive care].

  Revue medicale suisse 20091209

• Levosimendan: from basic science to clinical practice.

  Heart failure reviews 20091201

• Prophylactic treatment with levosimendan: a retrospective matched-control study of patients with reduced left ventricular function.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20091201

• Right ventricular function in myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: Improvement with levosimendan.

  Critical care medicine 20091201

• Levosimendan as a rescue drug in experimental propranolol-induced myocardial depression: a randomized study.

  Annals of emergency medicine 20091201

• Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond.

  Heart failure reviews 20091201

• Do it right?

  Critical care medicine 20091201

• Influence of temperature on the positive inotropic effect of levosimendan, dobutamine and milrinone.

  European journal of anaesthesiology 20091101

• Inotropic support during experimental endotoxemic shock: part I. The effects of levosimendan on splanchnic perfusion.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20091101

• Inotropic support during experimental endotoxemic shock: part II. A comparison of levosimendan with dobutamine.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20091101

• Levosimendan in early sepsis: when good ideas give poor results.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20091101

• Levosimendan may prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant modulation.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20091001

• Oral levosimendan prevents postinfarct heart failure and cardiac remodeling in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

  Journal of hypertension 20091001

• Levosimendan in viral myocarditis: not only an inodilator but also a cardioprotector?

  European journal of clinical investigation 20091001

• Effects of levosimendan in experimental acute coxsackievirus myocarditis.

  European journal of clinical investigation 20091001

• Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on left atrial function in decompensated heart failure.

  The Canadian journal of cardiology 20091001

• Comparison of the effects of levosimendan and papaverine on human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20091001

• [Effect of levosimendan on B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with advanced heart failure: a meta-analysis].

  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20091001

• Reducing perioperative myocardial infarction with anesthetic drugs and techniques.

  Current drug targets 20090901

• Levosimendan vs dobutamine in septic shock.

  Journal of critical care 20090901

• Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.

  Critical care medicine 20090901

• Levosimendan for calcium channel blocker poisoning in humans.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20090901

• Letter regarding levosimendan in a rat model of severe verapamil poisoning.

  Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 20090901

• Reducing the risk of major elective non-cardiac surgery: is there a role for levosimendan in the preoperative optimization of cardiac function?

  Current drug targets 20090901

• The use of Levosimendan for myocardiopathy due to acute Chagas' disease.

  International journal of cardiology 20090814

• Levosimendan reduces cardiac troponin release after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20090801

• Effects of intravenous and inhaled levosimendan in severe rodent sepsis.

  Intensive care medicine 20090801

• Anti-ischemic effects of inotropic agents in experimental right ventricular infarction.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20090801

• Levosimendan in perioperative and critical care patients.

  Current opinion in anaesthesiology 20090801

• Myocarditis.

  The New England journal of medicine 20090723

• Levosimendan.

  Indian pediatrics 20090701

• The influence of beta-blockade on the hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in elderly (>or= 70 years) patients with acutely decompensated systolic heart failure.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20090701

• Combination pharmacotherapy in the treatment of experimental cardiac arrest.

  The American journal of emergency medicine 20090701

• [Inotrope therapy in acute heart failure: a critical review of clinical and scientific evidence for levosimendan in the context of traditional treatment].

  Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006) 20090701

• Lowered B-type natriuretic peptide in response to levosimendan or dobutamine treatment is associated with improved survival in patients with severe acutely decompensated heart failure.

  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20090623

• First experiences with intraoperative Levosimendan in pediatric cardiac surgery.

  European journal of pediatrics 20090601

• Levosimendan is not effective in reducing pulmonary pressures in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: report of two cases.

  Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 20090601

• Clinical outcome benefits of pretreatment with levosimendan.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20090601

• Timing of levosimendan in cardiac surgery.

  Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 20090601

• Use of levosimendan for treatment of cardiogenic shock associated with electrical storm.

  Annals of internal medicine 20090519

• Levosimendan: a new therapeutic option in the treatment of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation.

  The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 20090501

• The management of severe primary graft failure after cardiac transplantation.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20090401

• Effects of levosimendan on the energy balance: preclinical and clinical evidence.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20090401

• Comparison of ischemic side effects of levosimendan and dobutamine with integrated backscatter analysis.

  Clinical cardiology 20090401

• [Levosimendan, a new inotropic drug: experience in children with acute heart failure].

  Archivos argentinos de pediatria 20090401

• Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE.

  European journal of heart failure 20090301

• Levosimendan does not improve survival time in a rat model of verapamil toxicity.

  Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 20090301

• Treatment of serious calcium channel blocker overdose with levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20090301

• Evaluation of 30-day mortality of levosimendan versus enoximone.

  Critical care medicine 20090301

• Levosimendan or enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock?

  Critical care medicine 20090301

• Weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to dilated cardiomyopathy: successful use of levosimendan.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20090301

• Levosimendan pre-treatment improves outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20090201

• Levosimendan facilitates weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with impaired left ventricular function.

  The Annals of thoracic surgery 20090201

• Intermittent inotropic infusions combined with prophylactic oral amiodarone for patients with decompensated end-stage heart failure.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20090201

• Levosimendan in heart failure after surgical repair of cardiac rupture.

  Minerva cardioangiologica 20090201

• Relationship between the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its effects on cardiovascular system.

  Current drug metabolism 20090201

• Effectiveness and safety of levosimendan in clinical practice.

  Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 20090201

• Repetitive dosing of intravenous levosimendan improves pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension: results of a pilot study.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20090101

• Levosimendan enhances force generation of diaphragm muscle from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20090101

• Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on experimental acute lung injury in rats.

  Acta histochemica 20090101

• Rescuing a failing heart: putting on the squeeze.

  Nature medicine 20090101

• Levosimendan for heart-operated patients: what is the state of the art?

  Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery 20090101

• Levosimendan induces NO production through p38 MAPK, ERK and Akt in porcine coronary endothelial cells: role for mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.

  British journal of pharmacology 20090101

• Comparative effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on right ventricular function in patients with biventricular heart failure.

  Heart and vessels 20090101

• Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and high systemic vascular resistance.

  Acute cardiac care 20090101

• Use of levosimendan in patients with ischemic heart disease following mechanical reperfusion.

  Surgery today 20090101

• Role of potassium channels in the relaxant effect of levosimendan in guinea pig tracheal preparations.

  Pharmacological reports : PR 20090101

• Prophylactic preoperative levosimendan administration in heart failure patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery: a preliminary report.

  Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese 20090101

• Assessment of quality of life using three activity questionnaires in heart failure patients after monthly, intermittent administration of levosimendan during a six-month period.

  Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese 20090101

• [Use of levosimendan in acute heart failure and its effect on renal function].

  Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia 20090101

• [Impact of preoperative levosimendan therapy on the volemic status and vascular tone of patients with chronic heart failure during anesthesia].

  Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia 20090101

• Oral levosimendan in patients with severe chronic heart failure --the PERSIST study.

  European journal of heart failure 20081201

• Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.

  Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 20081201

• [Is everything which is feasible also sensible?: coronary artery bypass grafting in conscious patients -- a procedure with a perspective?].

  Der Anaesthesist 20081201

• Effects of levosimendan on left atrial functions in patients with ischemic heart failure.

  Clinical cardiology 20081201

• Levosimendan and calcium sensitization of the contractile proteins in cardiac muscle: impact on heart failure.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 20081201

• Levosimendan for bridging in a pediatric patient with Alström syndrome awaiting heart-lung transplantation.

  Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 20081101

• Management of heart failure: a brief review and selected update.

  Cardiology clinics 20081101

• Usefulness of dobutamine-induced changes of the two-dimensional longitudinal deformation predict clinical and neurohumoral improvement in men after levosimendan treatment in acutely decompensated chronic heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20081101

• [Superiority of levosimendan to dobutamine in postoperative low cardiac output syndrome: is it due to previous beta-blocker treatment?].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20081101

• Effects of levo- and dextrosimendan on NF-kappaB-mediated transcription, iNOS expression and NO production in response to inflammatory stimuli.

  British journal of pharmacology 20081101

• Tricuspid valve replacement and levosimendan.

  General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 20081101

• Levosimendan and severe pulmonary hypertension during open heart surgery.

  General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 20081101

• Inotropic, vasodilating and preconditioning actions of levosimendan in the heart.

  The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 20081001

• Levosimendan in aortic valve surgery: cardiac performance and recovery.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20081001

• A randomized trial evaluating different modalities of levosimendan administration in cardiac surgery patients with myocardial dysfunction.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20081001

• [Determination of levosimendan and its main metabolites in human plasma with HPLC-MS/MS method].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20081001

• Use of levosimendan for cardiogenic shock in a patient with the apical ballooning syndrome.

  Annals of internal medicine 20080902

• Strain rate analysis and levosimendan improve detection of myocardial viability by dobutamine echocardiography in patients with post-infarction left ventricular dysfunction: a pilot study.

  Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 20080901

• The case for levosimendan.

  Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine 20080901

• Prospective observational study of levosimendan and weaning of difficult-to-wean ventilator dependent intensive care patients.

  Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine 20080901

• Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with cardiogenic shock after primary angioplasty.

  International journal of cardiology 20080818

• Rescue peri-operative management of the patient with giant electrical storm and severe left ventricular dysfunction: support by levosimendan and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation.

  Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 20080801

• Levosimendan infusion improves haemodynamics in elderly heart failure patients undergoing urgent hip fracture repair.

  European journal of anaesthesiology 20080801

• Natriuretic peptide-guided levosimendan therapy for heart failure: a promising new approach.

  International journal of cardiology 20080801

• The prolonged lowering effect of levosimendan on brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with decompansated heart failure: clinical implications.

  International journal of cardiology 20080801

• Ca2+ sensitizer superior to catecholamine during myocardial stunning?

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20080801

• Novel biologic mechanisms of levosimendan and its effect on the failing heart.

  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20080801

• Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.

  Critical care medicine 20080801

• Levosimendan in cardiogenic shock: better than enoximone!

  Critical care medicine 20080801

• BELIEF: believe it or not.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20080801

• Levosimendan in patients with decompensated heart failure.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20080801

• The hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between chronic use of oral levosimendan and digoxin in patients with NYHA Classes II-III heart failure.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20080801

• Both levosimendan and dobutamine treatments result in significant reduction of NT-proBNP levels, but levosimendan has better and prolonged neurohormonal effects than dobutamine.

  International journal of cardiology 20080721

• Defining the binding site of levosimendan and its analogues in a regulatory cardiac troponin C-troponin I complex.

  Biochemistry 20080715

• Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on long-term survival of patients with cardiogenic shock after primary coronary angioplasty.

  International journal of cardiology 20080704

• Effects of levosimendan on indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate and the gastric mucosal-arterial pCO2 gradient in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20080701

• Safety and effectiveness of levosimendan in patients with predominant right heart failure.

  Herz 20080701

• Protective effects of levosimendan and iloprost on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion: a rabbit model.

  The Journal of surgical research 20080601

• Repeated infusions of levosimendan: well tolerated and improves functional capacity in decompensated heart failure - a single-centre experience.

  Heart, lung & circulation 20080601

• Levosimendan but not norepinephrine improves microvascular oxygenation during experimental septic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20080601

• Inhaled levosimendan reduces mortality and release of proinflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental ventilator-induced lung injury.

  Critical care medicine 20080601

• Inotropic agents improve the peripheral microcirculation of patients with end-stage chronic heart failure.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20080601

• Levo is in the air: take a deep breath!

  Critical care medicine 20080601

• Calcium sensitizing in sepsis: is levosimendan on the right path?

  Critical care medicine 20080601

• Perioperative cardiac evaluation: the importance of cardiac failure management.

  Southern medical journal 20080601

• A role for the RISK pathway and K(ATP) channels in pre- and post-conditioning induced by levosimendan in the isolated guinea pig heart.

  British journal of pharmacology 20080501

• [Paediatric use of levosimendan in septic shock].

  Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003) 20080501

• [Levosimendan and low cardiac output syndrome. Does mortality really decrease? ].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20080501

• [The calcium sensitizer levosimendan gives superior results to dobutamine in postoperative low cardiac output syndrome].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20080501

• [Levosimendan for postoperative ventricular dysfunction following heart transplantation].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20080501

• [Is there a role for levosimendan in hospital emergency departments?].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20080501

• Primary graft failure and Ca2+ sensitizers after heart transplantation.

  Transplantation proceedings 20080501

• The influence of levosimendan and iloprost on renal ischemia-reperfusion: an experimental study.

  Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 20080401

• Evoked changes in cardiovascular function in rats by infusion of levosimendan, OR-1896 [(R)-N-(4-(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide], OR-1855 [(R)-6-(4-aminophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one], dobutamine, and milrinone: comparative effects on peripheral resistance, cardiac output, dP/dt, pulse rate, and blood pressure.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20080401

• Orally available levosimendan dose-related positive inotropic and lusitropic effect in conscious chronically instrumented normal and heart failure dogs.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20080401

• Pharmacokinetics of intravenous levosimendan and its metabolites in subjects with hepatic impairment.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20080401

• Preoperative levosimendan in heart failure patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

  The Netherlands journal of medicine 20080401

• Role of levosimendan in sepsis and septic shock.

  Current opinion in anaesthesiology 20080401

• Improvement in Doppler alternans in patients with severe heart failure: Levosimendan versus dobutamin.

  International journal of cardiology 20080328

• Effects of levosimendan on flow-mediated vasodilation and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with advanced chronic heart failure.

  Atherosclerosis 20080301

• Levosimendan in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia undergoing emergency surgical revascularization.

  European journal of anaesthesiology 20080301

• Levosimendan and ventriculo-arterial coupling.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20080301

• Inoprotection review.

  Anaesthesia and intensive care 20080301

• Can we believe in levosimendan?

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20080301

• Levosimendan in decompensated heart failure patients: efficacy in a Brazilian cohort. Results of the BELIEF study.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20080301

• Levosimendan use in several scenarios of acute heart failure.

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20080301

• Effects of levosimendan on left ventricular relaxation and early filling at maintained preload and afterload conditions after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.

  Circulation 20080226

• Effect of levosimendan on right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with ischaemic heart failure.

  International journal of clinical practice 20080201

• Levosimendan: current status and future prospects.

  Current opinion in anaesthesiology 20080201

• Metabolism of OR-1896, a metabolite of levosimendan, in rats and humans.

  Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 20080201

• Management of pulmonary hypertension in the intensive care unit.

  Critical care medicine 20080201

• Overview of emerging pharmacologic agents for acute heart failure syndromes.

  European journal of heart failure 20080201

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a new successful setting for levosimendan.

  International journal of cardiology 20080124

• Effect of levosimendan on E/E' ratio in patients with ischemic heart failure.

  International journal of cardiology 20080111

• Levosimendan has an inhibitory effect on platelet function.

  American journal of hematology 20080101

• Myocardial stunning following no flow ischaemia is diminished by levosimendan or cariporide, without benefits of combined administration.

  Resuscitation 20080101

• Effects of levosimendan on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

  European journal of anaesthesiology 20080101

• Early and sustained haemodynamic improvement with levosimendan compared to intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.

  Acute cardiac care 20080101

• Treatment of experimental verapamil poisoning with levosimendan utilizing a rodent model of drug toxicity.

  Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 20080101

• Comparative effects of levosimendan, OR-1896, OR-1855, dobutamine, and milrinone on vascular resistance, indexes of cardiac function, and O2 consumption in dogs.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20080101

• Inotropes in the management of acute heart failure.

  Critical care medicine 20080101

• New pharmacologic therapies for acute heart failure.

  Critical care medicine 20080101

• Levosimendan effect on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury following aortic clamping.

  Journal of cardiac surgery 20080101

• Protection of the spinal cord from ischemia: comparative effects of levosimendan and iloprost.

  European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes 20080101

• Levosimendan for ischemic preconditioning in thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.

  Journal of cardiac surgery 20080101

• The use of more than one inotrope in acute heart failure is associated with increased mortality: a multi-centre observational study.

  Acute cardiac care 20080101

• Levosimendan versus dobutamine in heart failure patients treated chronically with carvedilol.

  Cardiovascular therapeutics 20080101

• Levosimendan as rescue therapy in severe cardiogenic shock after ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

  Acute cardiac care 20080101

• Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives as cardiotonic agents.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 20080101

• The costs of treating acute heart failure: an economic analysis of the SURVIVE trial.

  Journal of medical economics 20080101

• Effects of Levosimendan on circulating markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with advanced heart failure.

  Atherosclerosis 20071201

• Pharmacokinetics and excretion balance of OR-1896, a pharmacologically active metabolite of levosimendan, in healthy men.

  European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 20071201

• Hemodynamic improvement following levosimendan treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20071201

• Levosimendan improves renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: comparison with dobutamine.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20071201

• Levosimendan improves renal function in acute decompensated heart failure: cause and clinical application. Editorial to: 'Levosimendan improves renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: comparison with dobutamine by Yilmaz et al.'.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20071201

• [New pharmacological treatment approaches to cardiogenic shock].

  Der Internist 20071201

• Levosimendan in cardiogenic shock: the magic drug for every patient?

  Critical care medicine 20071201

• Is there a place for levosimendan in the intensive care unit?

  Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine 20071201

• Effects of levosimendan on coronary artery flow and cardiac performance in patients with advanced heart failure.

  European journal of heart failure 20071201

• Inoprotection: the perioperative role of levosimendan.

  Anaesthesia and intensive care 20071201

• Pharmacologic therapy for acute heart failure.

  Cardiology clinics 20071101

• Antieosinophilic activity of simendans.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20071001

• A struggle to SURVIVE: to abandon or not to abandon levosimendan?

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20071001

• Efficacy and safety of perioperative infusion of levosimendan in patients with compromised cardiac function undergoing open-heart surgery: importance of early use.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20071001

• The gender differences in the relaxation to levosimendan of human internal mammary artery.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20071001

• Pharmacological preconditioning by levosimendan is mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and mitochondrial KATP channel activation in the in vivo anesthetized rabbit heart model.

  Vascular pharmacology 20071001

• Effect of levosimendan on ventriculo-arterial coupling in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20071001

• New pharmacologic options in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: potential role of levosimendan.

  Minerva cardioangiologica 20071001

• Levosimendan in acute pulmonary embolism.

  Anaesthesia and intensive care 20071001

• Preconditioning with levosimendan prevents contractile dysfunction due to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human myocardium.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20071001

• Letter by Guarracino et al regarding article, 'Direct myocardial effects of levosimendan in humans with left ventricular dysfunction: alteration of force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relationships'.

  Circulation 20070911

• Levosimendan allows detection of contractile reserve in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction and non-diagnostic dobutamine echocardiography.

  European journal of heart failure 20070901

• Levosimendan improves the initial outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20070901

• Levosimendan in septic shock: a case series.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20070901

• The effects of levosimendan on myocardial function in ropivacaine toxicity in isolated guinea pig heart preparations.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20070901

• Is there a place for levosimendan in the intensive care unit?

  Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine 20070901

• A 6-month follow-up of intermittent levosimendan administration effect on systolic function, specific activity questionnaire, and arrhythmia in advanced heart failure.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20070901

• The cardioprotective effects of levosimendan: preclinical and clinical evidence.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20070901

• Patients with advanced heart failure and the effects of levosimendan.

  The American journal of cardiology 20070815

• Effects of levosimendan on acute pulmonary embolism-induced right ventricular failure.

  Critical care medicine 20070801

• Effects of levosimendan on quality of life and emotional stress in advanced heart failure patients.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20070801

• The heart rules the head.

  Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 20070801

• Levosimendan: right for the right ventricle?

  Critical care medicine 20070801

• Levosimendan improves renal function in patients with advanced chronic heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20070801

• [Clinical experience with levosimendan in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20070801

• Therapies for heart failure: a report from the Heart Failure Congress 2007.

  Timely topics in medicine. Cardiovascular diseases 20070713

• Cardiovascular effects of levosimendan in the early stages of endotoxemia.

  Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 20070701

• Levosimendan in acute decompensation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

  International journal of cardiology 20070612

• Classical inotropes and new cardiac enhancers.

  Heart failure reviews 20070601

• Experiences of levosimendan as an inotropic agent in conjunction with passive containment surgery.

  Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ 20070601

• Myocardial depression associated with pneumococcal septic shock reversed by levosimendan.

  Anaesthesia and intensive care 20070601

• Do calcium sensitizers affect right ventricular functions in patients with chronic heart failure?

  International journal of cardiology 20070531

• [Calcium sensitizer: characteristics, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indication, contraindication, clinical data, and side effects].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20070528

• [Calcium sensitizer agents in heart failure therapy].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20070528

• [Combination therapy with PDE III inhibitor for heart failure].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20070528

• [Levosimendan for treatment of heart failure].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20070528

• Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial.

  JAMA 20070502

• Levosimendan: beyond its simple inotropic effect in heart failure.

  Pharmacology & therapeutics 20070501

• Levosimendan restores both systolic and diastolic cardiac performance in lipopolysaccharide-treated rabbits: comparison with dobutamine and milrinone.

  Critical care medicine 20070501

• Vasodilating mechanisms of levosimendan: involvement of K+ channels.

  Journal of pharmacological sciences 20070501

• Could Ca2+ sensitizers rescue patients from chronic congestive heart failure?

  British journal of pharmacology 20070401

• Effects of levosimendan on cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats.

  British journal of pharmacology 20070401

• The use of levosimendan in comparison and in combination with dobutamine in the treatment of decompensated heart failure.

  Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 20070401

• Levosimendan in cardiac surgery: a unique drug for the treatment of perioperative left ventricular dysfunction or just another inodilator searching for a clinical application?

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20070401

• The effects of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients with poor left ventricular function.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20070401

• Levosimendan: a new option in acute septic cardiac failure?

  Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 20070401

• Direct myocardial effects of levosimendan in humans with left ventricular dysfunction: alteration of force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relationships.

  Circulation 20070313

• Levosimendan improves right ventriculovascular coupling in a porcine model of right ventricular dysfunction.

  Critical care medicine 20070301

• Levosimendan in septic shock: another piece in the puzzle, but many pieces are still lacking.

  Intensive care medicine 20070301

• Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine in experimental acute endotoxemia: a preliminary controlled study.

  Intensive care medicine 20070301

• Dear levosimendan, the right ventricle will thank you!

  Critical care medicine 20070301

• Levosimendan and prostaglandin E1 for uptitration of beta-blockade in patients with refractory, advanced chronic heart failure.

  European journal of heart failure 20070201

• Levosimendan: perpetuum mobile?

  European heart journal 20070201

• Duration of the haemodynamic action of a 24-h infusion of levosimendan in patients with congestive heart failure.

  European journal of heart failure 20070101

• Levosimendan cardioprotection reduces the metabolic response during temporary regional coronary occlusion in an open chest pig model.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20070101

• [Role of Levosimendan in intensive care treatment of myocardial insufficiency].

  Der Anaesthesist 20070101

• Severe stunned myocardium after lightning strike.

  Critical care medicine 20070101

• Mechanisms of a reduced cardiac output and the effects of milrinone and levosimendan in a model of infant cardiopulmonary bypass.

  Critical care medicine 20070101

• Use of levosimendan, a new inodilator, for postoperative myocardial stunning in a premature neonate.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20070101

• Levosimendan for the treatment of acute heart failure syndromes: time to identify subpopulations of responding patients.

  The American journal of cardiology 20070101

• Effect of severe renal failure and haemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its metabolites.

  Clinical pharmacokinetics 20070101

• Successful use of levosimendan in a patient during cardiopulmonary bypass.

  Journal of cardiac surgery 20070101

• The utility of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.

  Annals of medicine 20070101

• Haemodynamic effects of levosimendan for low cardiac output after cardiac surgery: a case series.

  Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese 20070101

• Clinical pharmacology of levosimendan.

  Clinical pharmacokinetics 20070101

• Levosimendan: the inotrope of choice in cardiogenic shock secondary to takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

  Heart, lung & circulation 20070101

• A strategy for high-throughput analysis of levosimendan and its metabolites in human plasma samples using sequential negative and positive ionization liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric detection.

  Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 20070101

• Medical support and surgery of the failing heart: levosimendan.

  Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society 20070101

• Evaluation of the clinical, hemodynamic and neurohormonal response to levosimendan administration in decompensated heart failure patients. One-month follow-up.

  Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 20070101

• Synthesis and bioactivity of 6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 20070101

• Levosimendana.

  Revista brasileira de cirurgia cardiovascular : orgao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular 20070101

• Effect of levosimendan on ventricular arrhythmias and prognostic autonomic indexes in patients with decompensated advanced heart failure secondary to ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy.

  The American journal of cardiology 20061215

• Long-term effects of levosimendan infusion on inflammatory processes and sFas in patients with severe heart failure.

  European journal of heart failure 20061201

• Effects of serial levosimendan infusions on left ventricular performance and plasma biomarkers of myocardial injury and neurohormonal and immune activation in patients with advanced heart failure.

  Heart (British Cardiac Society) 20061201

• Effects of levosimendan on right ventricular function in patients with advanced heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20061201

• A review of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.

  Vascular health and risk management 20061201

• Cardiogenic shock after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Effects of levosimendan compared with dobutamine on haemodynamics.

  European journal of heart failure 20061101

• Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on pressure load-induced right ventricular failure.

  Critical care medicine 20061101

• The vasodilatory effects of levosimendan on the human internal mammary artery.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20061101

• Intracoronary infusion of levosimendan to treat postpericardiotomy heart failure.

  The Annals of thoracic surgery 20061101

• Levosimendan treatment after primary organ failure in heart transplantation: a direct way to recovery?

  Transplantation 20061027

• Clinical significance of acute neurohormonal response after levosimendan treatment.

  The American journal of cardiology 20061015

• Levosimendan for weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass after coronary artery bypass grafting.

  Heart, lung & circulation 20061001

• Levosimendan reversing low output syndrome after heart transplantation.

  The Annals of thoracic surgery 20061001

• Preconditioning effects of levosimendan in a rabbit cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20061001

• Effects of levosimendan on myocardial infarct size and hemodynamics in a closed-chest porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20061001

• Effects of levosimendan on right ventricular afterload in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot study.

  Critical care medicine 20060901

• Early experience with Levosimendan in children with ventricular dysfunction.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20060901

• The preconditioning effects of levosimendan.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20060901

• A new horizon in the treatment of right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome?

  Critical care medicine 20060901

• Testing new drugs for heart failure in children.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20060901

• Evidence-based use of levosimendan in different clinical settings.

  European heart journal 20060801

• The role of potassium channels in the vasodilatory effect of levosimendan in human internal thoracic arteries.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20060801

• Management of acute decompensated heart failure: treatment, controversy, and future directions.

  Pharmacotherapy 20060801

• Vasorelaxing effect of levosimendan against 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions in isolated human conduit bypass grafts.

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20060801

• The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves carbon monoxide poisoning related stunned myocardium: a cardiac magnetic resonance study.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20060801

• [Effect of levosimendan treatment of myocardial stunning and low-output syndrome after cardiac surgery].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20060801

• The levosimendan metabolite OR-1896 elicits vasodilation by activating the K(ATP) and BK(Ca) channels in rat isolated arterioles.

  British journal of pharmacology 20060701

• Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model with Bayesian approach to formulation series.

  Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20060701

• Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in acutely decompensated chronic heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20060701

• The effect of levosimendan during long-term amiodarone treatment in dogs.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20060701

• Beneficial outcome after prostaglandin-induced post-partum cardiac arrest using levosimendan and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20060701

• Levosimendan protects against experimental endotoxemic acute renal failure.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20060601

• Preconditioning effects of levosimendan in coronary artery bypass grafting--a pilot study.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20060601

• Levosimendan or milrinone in the type 2 diabetic patient with low ejection fraction undergoing elective coronary artery surgery.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20060601

• Effect of levosimendan and milrinone on regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in dogs.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 20060601

• Levosimendan: a novel agent in heart failure.

  Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery 20060601

• Effects of levosimendan in normodynamic endotoxaemia: a controlled experimental study.

  Resuscitation 20060501

• Effects of levosimendan on systemic and regional hemodynamics in septic myocardial depression.

  Intensive care medicine 20060501

• Potassium channel-related relaxation by levosimendan in the human internal mammary artery.

  The Annals of thoracic surgery 20060501

• Potassium channels in the vasodilating action of levosimendan on the human umbilical artery.

  Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 20060501

• The role of potassium channels in relaxant effect of levosimendan in rat small mesenteric arteries.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20060401

• Levosimendan in cardiac surgery: current best available evidence.

  The Annals of thoracic surgery 20060401

• [Levosimendan in acute heart failure: past, present and future].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20060401

• [Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan compared with dobutamine in patients with low cardiac output after cardiac surgery].

  Revista espanola de cardiologia 20060401

• [Therapy of acute decompensated heart failure with levosimendan].

  Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983) 20060322

• [Medical and ventilatory treatment of acute heart failure].

  Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 20060309

• Levosimendan improves cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival by K(ATP) channel activation.

  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20060307

• Ischemia-reperfusion injury changes the dynamics of Ca2+-contraction coupling due to inotropic drugs in isolated hearts.

  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20060301

• Levosimendan therapy in decompensated chronic heart failure: favourable haemodynamic and neurohormonal effects but for how long?

  European journal of heart failure 20060301

• Levosimendan and plasma BNP levels: do inflammatory cytokines regulate BNP in chronic decompensated heart failure?

  European journal of heart failure 20060301

• Optimizing outcomes in the patient with acute decompensated heart failure.

  American heart journal 20060301

• Levosimendan, a new inotropic and vasodilator agent.

  Anesthesiology 20060301

• Effects of levosimendan on left ventricular diastolic function after primary angioplasty for acute anterior myocardial infarction: a Doppler echocardiographic study.

  Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 20060201

• Levosimendan in severe right ventricular failure following mitral valve replacement.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20060201

• Pre-operative use of levosimendan in two patients with severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction.

  Heart, lung & circulation 20060201

• Successful administration of levosimendan in a patient with low-gradient low-output aortic stenosis.

  Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 20060201

• Newer approaches to the pharmacological management of heart failure.

  Current opinion in anaesthesiology 20060201

• [On levosimendan in comparison with dobutamine].

  Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 20060201

• [Levosimendan--an alternative to conventional inotropic treatment of patients with acute heart failure?].

  Ugeskrift for laeger 20060116

• Resuscitation from adrenaline resistant electro-mechanical dissociation facilitated by levosimendan in a young man with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

  Resuscitation 20060101

• Levosimendan: a promising treatment for myocardial stunning?

  Anaesthesia 20060101

• Levosimendan may improve survival in patients requiring mechanical assist devices for post-cardiotomy heart failure.

  Critical care (London, England) 20060101

• Positive inotropic effect of levosimendan is correlated to its stereoselective Ca2+-sensitizing effect but not to stereoselective phosphodiesterase inhibition.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20060101

• The 2005 Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association (AHA).

  Heart failure monitor 20060101

• Pharmacologic treatment of heart failure due to ventricular dysfunction by myocardial stunning: potential role of levosimendan.

  American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions 20060101

• The effects of Levosimendan on global haemodynamics in patients with cardiogenic shock.

  Neuro endocrinology letters 20060101

• Levosimendan for low cardiac output: a pediatric experience.

  Journal of intensive care medicine 20060101

• Levosimendan: a new option in acute cardiac failure.

  Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 20060101

• Short-term effects of levosimendan and prostaglandin E1 on hemodynamic parameters and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure.

  European journal of heart failure 20051201

• Duration of the beneficial effects of levosimendan in decompensated heart failure as measured by echocardiographic indices and B-type natriuretic peptide.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20051201

• Levosimendan for the treatment of acute heart failure syndromes.

  Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 20051201

• Levosimendan: dual mechanisms for acute heart failure...and beyond?

  Minerva cardioangiologica 20051201

• Levosimendan as a new strategy during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

  Croatian medical journal 20051201

• Levosimendan use reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with decompensated heart failure.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20051201

• Ca2+-sensitisers--a promising option to treat heart failure?

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20051201

• Treatment of cardiogenic shock with levosimendan in combination with beta-adrenergic antagonists.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20051101

• Levosimendan: a novel inotropic agent for treatment of acute, decompensated heart failure.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20051101

• Levosimendan improves postresuscitation outcomes in a rat model of CPR.

  The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 20051101

• [Levosimendan].

  Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 20051028

• Levosimendan reduces plasma amino terminal proBNP in patients with decompensated heart failure.

  International journal of cardiology 20051010

• Effects of levosimendan on restrictive left ventricular filling in severe heart failure: a combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study.

  Chest 20051001

• [Successful use of levosimendan in a patient with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction].

  La Tunisie medicale 20051001

• Cardioprotection: a new paradigm in the management of acute heart failure syndromes.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050919

• Pharmacology of new agents for acute heart failure syndromes.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050919

• Randomized clinical trials with levosimendan.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050919

• European experience on the practical use of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure syndromes.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050919

• Calcium sensitizer agents: a new class of inotropic agents in the treatment of decompensated heart failure.

  International journal of cardiology 20050901

• Hemodynamic effect of intracoronary administration of levosimendan in the anesthetized pig.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20050901

• Two inotropes with different mechanisms of action: contractile, PDE-inhibitory and direct myofibrillar effects of levosimendan and enoximone.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20050901

• Cardiac and renal effects of levosimendan, arginine vasopressin, and norepinephrine in lipopolysaccharide-treated rabbits.

  Anesthesiology 20050901

• Levosimendan improves postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction after beta-adrenergic blockade.

  The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 20050901

• Levosimendan improves hemodynamics and coronary flow reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction.

  American heart journal 20050901

• The Ca2+-sensitizer levosimendan improves oxidative damage, BNP and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with advanced decompensated heart failure in comparison to dobutamine.

  European journal of heart failure 20050801

• Dual regulation of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity by levosimendan in normal and acidotic conditions in aequorin-loaded canine ventricular myocardium.

  British journal of pharmacology 20050801

• Effects of levosimendan on markers of left ventricular diastolic function and neurohormonal activation in patients with advanced heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050801

• What is the in vivo mechanism of action of levosimendan?

  Journal of cardiac failure 20050801

• Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of levosimendan in decompensated heart failure: a novel mechanism of drug-induced improvement in contractile performance of the failing heart.

  Current medicinal chemistry. Cardiovascular and hematological agents 20050701

• [Cost analysis of the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. Levosimendan versus dobutamine].

  Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 20050701

• Utility of levosimendan, a new calcium sensitizing agent, in the treatment of cardiogenic shock due to myocardial stunning in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a series of cases.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20050601

• An emerging role for calcium sensitisation in the treatment of heart failure.

  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20050601

• Levosimendan in cardiac surgery.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20050601

• [Levosimendan, a revolution in the world of inotropic agents?].

  Revue medicale suisse 20050525

• [Cardiogenic shock-- new therapeutic strategies].

  Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 20050519

• Effects of levosimendan on systemic and regional hemodynamics in septic myocardial depression.

  Intensive care medicine 20050501

• The myofilament force-calcium relationship as a target for positive inotropic therapy in congestive heart failure.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20050501

• [If the myofilaments become sensitive: Ca2+-sensitizer for the therapy of heart insufficiency].

  Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 20050415

• Anti-inflammatory effects of levosimendan in decompensated heart failure: impact on weight loss and anemia.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050401

• Levosimendan reduces plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and interleukin 6, and improves central hemodynamics in severe heart failure patients.

  International journal of cardiology 20050330

• Effects of intravenous levosimendan on human coronary vasomotor regulation, left ventricular wall stress, and myocardial oxygen uptake.

  Circulation 20050329

• Efficacy and safety of intermittent, long-term, concomitant dobutamine and levosimendan infusions in severe heart failure refractory to dobutamine alone.

  The American journal of cardiology 20050315

• Comparison between dobutamine and levosimendan for management of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.

  Critical care medicine 20050301

• Inotropic options for postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.

  Critical care medicine 20050301

• Levosimendan improves LV systolic and diastolic performance at rest and during exercise after heart failure.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20050201

• Contractile action of levosimendan and epinephrine during acidosis.

  European journal of pharmacology 20050110

• Levosimendan in septic cardiac failure.

  Intensive care medicine 20050101

• Levosimendan is superior to milrinone and dobutamine in selectively increasing microvascular gastric mucosal oxygenation in dogs.

  Critical care medicine 20050101

• Levosimendan and gut mucosal blood flow--not all inotropes are created equal.

  Critical care medicine 20050101

• Successful reversal of resistent hypodynamic septic shock with levosimendan.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20050101

• Levosimendan: a new inodilatory drug for the treatment of decompensated heart failure.

  Current pharmaceutical design 20050101

• Pharmacological mechanisms contributing to the clinical efficacy of levosimendan.

  Cardiovascular drug reviews 20050101

• [Use of levosimendan after cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation: a case report].

  La Clinica terapeutica 20050101

• [The novelty in the treatment of heart failure].

  Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 20050101

• Effects of levosimendan on left ventricular functional remodelling and exercise intolerance: a tissue Doppler study.

  The Journal of international medical research 20050101

• [Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan following cardiac surgery].

  Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 20050101

• [Levosimendan in patients with acute cardiac failure].

  Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico 20050101

• [Levosimendan: a new strategy in the treatment of heart failure].

  Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico 20050101

• [Treatment of cardiogenic shock with the Ca2+ sensitizer levosimendan].

  Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983) 20041215

• Enatiomeric analysis of simendan by CE with beta-CD as chiral selector compared with CMPA-HPLC.

  Biomedical chromatography : BMC 20041201

• Levosimendan in off-pump coronary artery bypass: a four-times masked controlled study.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20041201

• Successful treatment of dilative cardiomyopathy in a 12-year-old girl using the calcium sensitizer levosimendan after weaning from mechanical biventricular assist support.

  Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 20041201

• Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan added to dobutamine in patients with decompensated advanced heart failure refractory to dobutamine alone.

  The American journal of cardiology 20041115

• Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its active metabolite OR-1896 in rapid and slow acetylators.

  European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 20041101

• Comparision of the inotropic effects of levosimendan, rolipram, and dobutamine on human atrial trabeculae.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20041101

• The contractile apparatus as a target for drugs against heart failure: interaction of levosimendan, a calcium sensitiser, with cardiac troponin c.

  Molecular and cellular biochemistry 20041101

• Levosimendan in daily intensive care practice--the experience of 15 centers. Background, methods and organization of the PORTLAND study.

  Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 20041101

• End-stage heart failure with pulmonary hypertension: levosimendan to evaluate for heart transplantation alone versus combined heart-lung transplantation.

  Transplantation 20041027

• Impact of levosimendan treatment on chronic heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20041015

• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral levosimendan and its metabolites in patients with severe congestive heart failure: a dosing interval study.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20041001

• Force-frequency relationship in intact mammalian ventricular myocardium: physiological and pathophysiological relevance.

  European journal of pharmacology 20041001

• Levosimendan, a new calcium-sensitizing inotrope for heart failure.

  Pharmacotherapy 20041001

• Potassium-specific effects of levosimendan on heart mitochondria.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20040901

• Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan in pediatric patients evaluated for cardiac surgery.

  Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 20040901

• Resumption of atrioventricular conduction by levosimendan after radiofrequency ablation of the AV node:

  Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 20040901

• Effect of levosimendan on balance between ATP production and consumption in isolated perfused guinea-pig heart before ischemia or after reperfusion.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20040901

• Levosimendan: a calcium-sensitizing agent for the treatment of patients with decompensated heart failure.

  Current heart failure reports 20040901

• Levosimendan in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing surgical revascularization: a case series.

  Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 20040801

• The use of the novel calcium sensitizer levosimendan in critically ill patients.

  Anaesthesia and intensive care 20040801

• Treatment of acute heart failure in an infant after cardiac surgery using levosimendan.

  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20040701

• On the mechanism of levosimendan-induced dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats.

  Journal of pharmacological sciences 20040701

• Medical therapy in heart failure--is polypharmacy necessary?

  Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 20040701

• The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves the function of stunned myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial ischemia.

  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20040616

• New positive inotropic agents in the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction.

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20040601

• Levosimendan interacts with potassium channel blockers in human saphenous veins.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20040601

• Effects of levosimendan on circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble apoptosis mediators in patients with decompensated advanced heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20040515

• The calcium sensitizer levosimendan and cardiac arrhythmias: an analysis of the safety database of heart failure treatment studies.

  Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ 20040501

• Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its circulating metabolites in patients with heart failure after an extended continuous infusion of levosimendan.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20040401

• Effects of levosimendan and milrinone on oxygen consumption in isolated guinea-pig heart.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20040401

• Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in patients with low-output heart failure after cardiac surgery.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20040401

• Successful use of levosimendan in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20040301

• [Levosimendan-long-term inodilation in an infant with myocardial infarction].

  Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie 20040301

• New therapies for heart failure.

  RN 20040301

• Stereoselective binding of levosimendan to cardiac troponin C causes Ca2+-sensitization.

  European journal of pharmacology 20040213

• The effects of levosimendan and OR-1896 on isolated hearts, myocyte-sized preparations and phosphodiesterase enzymes of the guinea pig.

  European journal of pharmacology 20040213

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  Der Anaesthesist 20040201

• Pharmacological therapy of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the emergency department.

  Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 20040201

• [Levosimendan in cardiology and intensive care medicine].

  Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 20040131

• Levosimendan: first in a new class of inodilator for acute and chronic severe heart failure.

  Expert review of cardiovascular therapy 20040101

• [Levosimendan in heart failure].

  Recenti progressi in medicina 20040101

• [Usefulness of Levosimendan in patients with ventricular dysfunction before surgery].

  Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico 20040101

• Levosimendan.

  Intensive & critical care nursing 20031201

• Hemodynamic effects of a continuous infusion of levosimendan in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock requiring catecholamines.

  Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 20031101

• New and emerging drug therapies for the management of acute heart failure.

  Internal medicine journal 20031101

• The calcium sensitizer levosimendan attenuates endotoxin-evoked myocardial dysfunction in isolated guinea pig hearts.

  Intensive care medicine 20031001

• The role of Ca++-sensitizers for the treatment of heart failure.

  Current opinion in critical care 20031001

• Levosimendan: implications for clinicians.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20031001

• Cardiotonic drugs differentially alter cytosolic [Ca2+] to left ventricular relationships before and after ischemia in isolated guinea pig hearts.

  Cardiovascular research 20031001

• [Levosimendan as inotropic support during coronary surgery with extracorporeal circulation in a patient with severely depressed ventricular function].

  Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 20031001

• Molecular mechanism of levosimendan action: an update.

  Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 20030901

• Interaction of levosimendan with cardiac troponin C in the presence of cardiac troponin I peptides.

  Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 20030901

• [Is levosimendan an inoprotective drug in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing surgical revascularization?].

  Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS 20030901

• Effects of levosimendan on right ventricular function and ventriculovascular coupling in open chest pigs.

  Critical care medicine 20030901

• Advances in positive inotropic therapy: levosimendan.

  Critical care medicine 20030901

• The cardiotonic effects of levosimendan in guinea pig hearts are modulated by beta-adrenergic stimulation.

  General physiology and biophysics 20030901

• Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interrelationships of intravenous and oral levosimendan in patients with severe congestive heart failure.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20030801

• Population pharmacokinetics of levosimendan in patients with congestive heart failure.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20030601

• Levosimendan: a new dual-action drug in the treatment of acute heart failure.

  International journal of clinical practice 20030601

• Is calcium sensitization the best strategy to improve myocardial contractility in acute heart failure?

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030501

• Levosimendan in patients with low-output heart failure: lessons from the LIDO trial.

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030501

• Considerations on the efficacy and safety of levosimendan in ischemic heart failure.

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030501

• Preliminary clinical experience with the repetitive administration of levosimendan in patients with end-stage heart failure.

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030501

• The clinical experience with levosimendan in anesthesiology and in the intensive care unit.

  Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030501

• Levosimendan compared with dobutamine in low output patients.

  Minerva anestesiologica 20030401

• Effect of long-term oral pretreatment with levosimendan on cardiac arrhythmias during coronary artery occlusion in conscious rats.

  European journal of pharmacology 20030319

• Functional role of potassium channels in the vasodilating mechanism of levosimendan in porcine isolated coronary artery.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20030301

• Vasodilating mechanisms of levosimendan.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20030301

• Complete structure analysis of OR-1746, a complex product of cyclocondensation of arylhydrazomalononitriles containing clusters of protonated and unprotonated nitrogens, by pulsed-field-gradient heteronuclear NMR.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20030205

• Current medical treatment for the exacerbation of chronic heart failure resulting in hospitalization.

  American heart journal 20030201

• Dyspnea as an end point in clinical trials of therapies for acute decompensated heart failure.

  American heart journal 20030201

• Sustained hemodynamic effects of intravenous levosimendan.

  Circulation 20030107

• Pharmacotherapeutic approaches for decompensated heart failure: a role for the calcium sensitiser, levosimendan?

  European journal of heart failure 20030101

• Intravenous levosimendan treatment is cost-effective compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure: an analysis based on the international LIDO trial.

  European journal of heart failure 20030101

• [The best of clinical pharmacology in 2002].

  Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux 20030101

• 15th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 29 September-2 October 2002, Barcelona, Spain: clinical research to improve outcome.

  Critical care (London, England) 20030101

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  Gaceta medica de Mexico 20030101

• [Inotropic agents in advanced and refractory heart failure].

  Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20030101

• Levosimendan: a new approach for the treatment of patients with severe heart failure. A brief summary based on a clinical case.

  Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 20030101

• Levosimendan: a review of its use in the management of acute decompensated heart failure.

  Drugs 20030101

• Pharmacodynamic interactions of levosimendan and felodipine in patients with coronary heart disease.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20030101

• Effects of OR-1896, a metabolite of levosimendan, on force of contraction and Ca2+ transients under acidotic condition in aequorin-loaded canine ventricular myocardium.

  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20021101

• The contractility enhancing effect of the calcium sensitiser levosimendan is not attenuated by carvedilol in healthy subjects.

  European journal of clinical pharmacology 20021001

• Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its metabolites during and after a 24-hour continuous infusion in patients with severe heart failure.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20021001

• Positive inotropy for acute heart failure complicating myocardial infarction.

  European heart journal 20020901

• Safety and efficacy of a novel calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, in patients with left ventricular failure due to an acute myocardial infarction. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (RUSSLAN).

  European heart journal 20020901

• Effect of the calcium sensitizer levosimendan on the performance of ischaemic myocardium in anaesthetised pigs.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20020901

• Levosimendan in regional myocardial ischemia.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20020901

• Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial.

  Lancet (London, England) 20020720

• Development of level A, B and C in vitro-in vivo correlations for modified-release levosimendan capsules.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20020708

• An analysis of responses to levosimendan in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 20020601

• Levosimendan: a new era for inodilator therapy for heart failure?

  Current opinion in cardiology 20020501

• Levosimendan increases L-type Ca(2+) current via phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition in human cardiac myocytes.

  European journal of pharmacology 20020118

• Beneficial effects of the Ca(2+) sensitizer levosimendan in human myocardium.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20020101

• Pharmacodynamics and safety of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, and its metabolites during an extended infusion in patients with severe heart failure.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20020101

• Levosimendan: a unique approach to the treatment of heart failure.

  Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) 20020101

• Comparison of enoximone, amrinone, or levosimendan enriched St. Thomas' hospital cardioplegic solutions used for myocardial preservation in isolated guinea pig hearts.

  Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 20020101

• The development of new medical treatments for acute decompensated heart failure.

  Heart failure monitor 20020101

• Effects of levosimendan, a novel inotropic calcium-sensitizing drug, in experimental septic shock.

  Critical care medicine 20011101

• Levosimendan is a mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener.

  European journal of pharmacology 20011012

• Mechanism of action of Ca2+ sensitizers--update 2001.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20010901

• Effect of levosimendan on myocardial contractility, coronary and peripheral blood flow, and arrhythmias during coronary artery ligation and reperfusion in the in vivo pig model.

  Heart (British Cardiac Society) 20010701

• New pharmacological strategies for the treatment of heart failure.

  Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) 20010701

• Improved survival with simendan after experimental myocardial infarction in rats.

  European journal of pharmacology 20010511

• Levosimendan: a parenteral calcium-sensitising drug with additional vasodilatory properties.

  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20010501

• Levosimendan increases diastolic coronary flow in isolated guinea-pig heart by opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20010401

• Binding of levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, to cardiac troponin C.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20010323

• [Acute hemodynamic and clinical effects of a new inotropic agent, levosimendan, in patients with severe heart failure].

  Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 20010201

• Levosimendan.

  Drugs 20010101

• New therapeutic choices in the management of acute congestive heart failure.

  Reviews in cardiovascular medicine 20010101

• Myocardial efficiency during levosimendan infusion in congestive heart failure.

  Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20001101

• Levosimendan: A promising agent for the treatment of hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure.

  Current cardiology reports 20000501