20347-71-1 | Procyanidin

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
1g	95%	in stock	$31.00	$22.00
5g	95%	in stock	$73.00	$51.00
10g	95%	in stock	$113.00	$79.00
25g	95%	in stock	$225.00	$158.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB04666
• Chemical Name: Procyanidin
• CAS Number: 20347-71-1
• Molecular Formula: C30H26O13
• Molecular Weight: 594.5196399999999
• MDL Number: MFCD01662851
• SMILES: Oc1cc(O)c2c(c1)OC(C(C2)OC1(Oc2cc(O)cc(c2C(C1O)O)O)c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)c1ccc(c(c1)O)O

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 957
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 43
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 13
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 10
• Rotatable Bond Count: 4
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
• XLogP3: 2

Literature

• Procyanidin from peanut skin induces antiproliferative effect in human prostate carcinoma cells DU145.

  Chemico-biological interactions 20180525

• Selection of antioxidants against ovarian oxidative stress in mouse model.

  Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 20171201

• Reduction of oxidative damages induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles correlates with induction of the Nrf2 pathway by GSPE supplementation in mice.

  Chemico-biological interactions 20170925

• High risk of adrenal toxicity of N1-desoxy quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives and the protection of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in the inhibition of the expression of aldosterone synthetase in H295R cells.

  Toxicology 20160203

• A Cinnamon-Derived Procyanidin Compound Displays Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Blocking Heparan Sulfate- and Co-Receptor- Binding Sites on gp120 and Reverses T Cell Exhaustion via Impeding Tim-3 and PD-1 Upregulation.

  PloS one 20160101

• Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins in Cadmium Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice.

  Drug research 20151001

• Proanthocyanidins improves lead-induced cognitive impairments by blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in rats.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20141001

• Myristicyclins A and B: antimalarial procyanidins from Horsfieldia spicata from Papua New Guinea.

  Organic letters 20140117

• Pancreatic islet proteome profile in Zucker fatty rats chronically treated with a grape seed procyanidin extract.

  Food chemistry 20121201

• Prevention mechanisms of glucose intolerance and obesity by cacao liquor procyanidin extract in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.

  Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20121115

• Value-added processing of peanut skins: antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and procyanidin content of spray-dried extracts.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20121031

• trans-Resveratrol in nutraceuticals: issues in retail quality and effectiveness.

  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20121022

• A procyanidin trimer, C1, promotes NO production in rat aortic endothelial cells via both hyperpolarization and PI3K/Akt pathways.

  European journal of pharmacology 20121005

• Analysis of phenolic composition of Noble muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) by HPLC-MS and the relationship to its antioxidant capacity.

  Journal of food science 20121001

• Diverse mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of the different procyanidin oligomer types of two different cinnamon species on db/db mice.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20120912

• The effect of procyanidine crosslinking on the properties of the electrospun gelatin membranes.

  Biofabrication 20120901

• Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature.

  Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 20120701

• Design and optimization of a semicontinuous hot-cold extraction of polyphenols from grape pomace.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20120606

• High-throughput screening for anti-influenza A virus drugs and study of the mechanism of procyanidin on influenza A virus-induced autophagy.

  Journal of biomolecular screening 20120601

• Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidin fractions from defatted grape seed in PC12 cells.

  Journal of medicinal food 20120501

• Procyanidin xylosides from the bark of Betula pendula.

  Phytochemistry 20120401

• [Inhibitory effect and mechanism of procyanidin from vaccinium on isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20120201

• A procyanidin type A trimer from cinnamon extract attenuates glial cell swelling and the reduction in glutamate uptake following ischemia-like injury in vitro.

  Neuroscience 20120127

• Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects triggered by Grape Seed Extract (GSE) versus epigallocatechin and procyanidins on colon cancer cell lines.

  International journal of molecular sciences 20120101

• Procyanidins from wild grape (Vitis amurensis) seeds regulate ARE-mediated enzyme expression via Nrf2 coupled with p38 and PI3K/Akt pathway in HepG2 cells.

  International journal of molecular sciences 20120101

• Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.

  BMC complementary and alternative medicine 20120101

• Determination of flavanol and procyanidin (by degree of polymerization 1-10) content of chocolate, cocoa liquors, powder(s), and cocoa flavanol extracts by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography: collaborative study.

  Journal of AOAC International 20120101

• The protective role of procyanidins and lycopene against mercuric chloride renal damage in rats.

  Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 20111001

• Towards the synthesis of proanthocyanidins: half a century of innovation.

  Planta medica 20110701

• Toxicology evaluation of a procyanidin-rich extract from grape skins and seeds.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20110601

• Protective effect of structurally diverse grape procyanidin fractions against UV-induced cell damage and death.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20110511

• Impact of different stages of juice processing on the anthocyanin, flavonol, and procyanidin contents of cranberries.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20110511

• Procyanidins are potent inhibitors of LOX-1: a new player in the French Paradox.

  Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 20110311

• Modification of collagen with a natural cross-linker, procyanidin.

  International journal of biological macromolecules 20110301

• Hypoglycemic activities of A- and B-type procyanidin oligomer-rich extracts from different Cinnamon barks.

  Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 20110215

• Dietary catechins and procyanidins modulate zinc homeostasis in human HepG2 cells.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20110201

• Effect of procyandin oligomers on oxidative hair damage.

  Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 20110201

• Stability of Pycnogenol® as an ingredient in fruit juices subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

  Journal of the science of food and agriculture 20110130

• Structure elucidation of procyanidin oligomers by low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20110112

• Antioxidant effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract and oleoyl-estrone in obese Zucker rats.

  Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 20110101

• Antioxidant activities of fractions of polymeric procyanidins from stem bark of Acacia confusa.

  International journal of molecular sciences 20110101

• Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolic fractions from selected Moroccan red wines.

  Journal of food science 20110101

• NMR and molecular modeling of wine tannins binding to saliva proteins: revisiting astringency from molecular and colloidal prospects.

  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20101101

• Procyanidin-rich fractions from Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) leaves cause redox-sensitive endothelium-dependent relaxation involving NO and EDHF in porcine coronary artery.

  Journal of ethnopharmacology 20101028

• Effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on insulin resistance.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20101001

• Grape seed extract enhances eNOS expression and NO production through regulating calcium-mediated AKT phosphorylation in H2O2-treated endothelium.

  Cell biology international 20101001

• The clinical effectiveness of chokeberry: a systematic review.

  Phytotherapy research : PTR 20100801

• Oligomers of grape-seed procyanidin extract activate the insulin receptor and key targets of the insulin signaling pathway differently from insulin.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20100601

• Phenolic extracts from Acacia mangium bark and their antioxidant activities.

  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20100514

• Preparation of an acid butanol standard from fresh apples.

  Journal of chemical ecology 20100501

• Composition, standardization and chemical profiling of Banisteriopsis caapi, a plant for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders relevant to Parkinson's disease.

  Journal of ethnopharmacology 20100421

• Regulation of vascular endothelial function by procyanidin-rich foods and beverages.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20100414

• Novel angiogenesis inhibitory activity in cinnamon extract blocks VEGFR2 kinase and downstream signaling.

  Carcinogenesis 20100301

• Phenolic compounds in different barley varieties: identification by tandem mass spectrometry (QStar) and NMR; quantification by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (Q-Trap).

  Natural product communications 20100301

• Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and orthogonal projections to latent structures/partial least squares regression for estimation of procyanidins average degree of polymerisation.

  Analytica chimica acta 20100227

• A new class of anthocyanin-procyanidin condensation products detected in red wine by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry analysis.

  Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 20100201

• Interactions between globular proteins and procyanidins of different degrees of polymerization.

  Journal of dairy science 20091201

• Identification of polymeric procyanidins from pine bark by mass spectrometry.

  Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 20091201

• Brassica orthologs from BANYULS belong to a small multigene family, which is involved in procyanidin accumulation in the seed.

  Planta 20091101

• Characterization of primary standards for use in the HPLC analysis of the procyanidin content of cocoa and chocolate containing products.

  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20091015

• Procyanidin composition of selected fruits and fruit byproducts is affected by extraction method and variety.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20091014

• Apple procyanidins induced vascular relaxation in isolated rat aorta through NO/cGMP pathway in combination with hyperpolarization by multiple K+ channel activations.

  Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 20091001

• Procyanidins-crosslinked heart valve matrix: anticalcification effect.

  Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials 20090801

• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral procyanidin with vitamins A, C, E for melasma among Filipino women.

  International journal of dermatology 20090801

• Procyanidin content of grape seed and pomace, and total anthocyanin content of grape pomace as affected by extrusion processing.

  Journal of food science 20090801

• Inhibition of P-glycoprotein function by procyanidine on blood-brain barrier.

  Phytotherapy research : PTR 20090701

• [Study of effects of procyanidin on the pathway of PPARgamma-NF-kappaB of thoracic aorta of hyperlipemia rats].

  Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 20090701

• Processing and storage effects on procyanidin composition and concentration of processed blueberry products.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20090311

• Procyanidins produce significant attenuation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via suppression of oxidative stress.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20090301

• Influence of extrusion processing on procyanidin composition and total anthocyanin contents of blueberry pomace.

  Journal of food science 20090301

• Procyanidin induces apoptosis and necrosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in a mitochondrion-dependent manner.

  Journal of andrology 20090101

• Calcification resistance of procyanidin-treated decellularized porcine aortic valves in vivo.

  The heart surgery forum 20090101

• [Protective effect of hawthorn leaf procyanidins on cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20090101

• Procyanidin effects on oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells strongly depend on flavan-3-ol degree of polymerization.

  Molecular nutrition & food research 20081201

• The procyanidin-mediated induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells is not dependent on p21(Cip1/WAF1).

  Cancer letters 20081108

• Modeling procyanidin self-association processes and understanding their micellar organization: a study by diffusion NMR and molecular mechanics.

  Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 20081007

• Catechin and proanthocyanidin B4 from grape seeds prevent doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes.

  European journal of pharmacology 20080904

• New approach for the synthesis and isolation of dimeric procyanidins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20080709

• Red wine interferes with oestrogen signalling in rat hippocampus.

  The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 20080701

• Pycnogenol, a procyanidin-rich extract from French maritime pine, inhibits intracellular replication of HIV-1 as well as its binding to host cells.

  Japanese journal of infectious diseases 20080701

• Hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of the procyanidin fraction from Guazuma ulmifolia bark in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

  Journal of ethnopharmacology 20080417

• Sorghum extrusion increases bioavailability of catechins in weanling pigs.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20080227

• Mono-O-methylated flavanols and other flavonoids as inhibitors of endothelial NADPH oxidase.

  Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20080115

• Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and their antioxidant capacity.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20071128

• Comparative antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of procyanidin fractions from grape and pine.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20071001

• The importance of polymerization and galloylation for the antiproliferative properties of procyanidin-rich natural extracts.

  The FEBS journal 20070901

• Direct in vivo evidence of protective effects of grape seed procyanidin fractions and other antioxidants against ethanol-induced oxidative DNA damage in mouse brain cells.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20070711

• [Effects of procyanidin oligomers on experimental thrombosis in rats].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20070601

• Cocoa beats tea.

  Harvard health letter 20070601

• Oligomeric procyanidins in apple polyphenol are main active components for inhibition of pancreatic lipase and triglyceride absorption.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20070530

• Structural and conformational analysis of two native procyanidin trimers.

  Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC 20070201

• Immune effects of cocoa procyanidin oligomers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20070201

• [Effect of grape procyanidins on the protein kinase and proliferative cell nuclear antigen protein expression of mice hepatic cells].

  Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 20070101

• Composition and cellular localization of tannins in Cabernet Sauvignon skins during growth.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20061213

• Protein binding and astringent taste of a polymeric procyanidin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose, castalagin, and grandinin.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20061213

• Oenology: red wine procyanidins and vascular health.

  Nature 20061130

• A 3D structural and conformational study of procyanidin dimers in water and hydro-alcoholic media as viewed by NMR and molecular modeling.

  Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC 20060901

• Potentiation of apple procyanidin-triggered apoptosis by the polyamine oxidase inactivator MDL 72527 in human colon cancer-derived metastatic cells.

  International journal of oncology 20060801

• Simultaneous separation and identification of oligomeric procyanidins and anthocyanin-derived pigments in raw red wine by HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn.

  Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS 20060701

• Chiral recognition of apple procyanidins by complexation with oxotitanium phthalocyanine.

  Organic letters 20060608

• Polyphenolic constituent structures of Zanthoxylum piperitum fruit and the antibacterial effects of its polymeric procyanidin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

  Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 20060601

• Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060531

• Antioxidant activity and polyphenol and procyanidin contents of selected commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products in the United States.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060531

• Highly oligomeric procyanidins ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via suppression of Th1 immunity.

  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20060515

• Polar interactions in flavan-3-ol adsorption on solid surfaces.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060419

• Tetramethylated dimeric procyanidins are detected in rat plasma and liver early after oral administration of synthetic oligomeric procyanidins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060405

• The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera).

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060322

• Anthocyanidin synthase from Gerbera hybrida catalyzes the conversion of (+)-catechin to cyanidin and a novel procyanidin.

  FEBS letters 20060306

• Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by flavanol-rich foods.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060111

• Modulation of MPP+ uptake by procyanidins in Caco-2 cells: involvement of oxidation/reduction reactions.

  FEBS letters 20060109

• Procyanidin structure defines the extent and specificity of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition.

  Biochimie 20060101

• In vivo antioxidant activity of procyanidin-rich extracts from grape seed and pine (Pinus maritima) bark in rats.

  International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition 20060101

• Hypertension, the Kuna, and the epidemiology of flavanols.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20060101

• Analysis of flavanols in foods: what methods are required to enable meaningful health recommendations?

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20060101

• The anti-inflammatory properties of cocoa flavanols.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20060101

• Effect of oligomer procyanidins on reperfusion arrhythmias and lactate dehydrogenase release in the isolated rat heart.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 20060101

• Procyanidin effects on adipocyte-related pathologies.

  Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 20060101

• Synergism between apple procyanidins and lysosomotropic drugs: potential in chemoprevention.

  Anticancer research 20060101

• Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20051101

• Inhibitory effect of polyphenol-enriched apple extracts on mast cell degranulation in vitro targeting the binding between IgE and FcepsilonRI.

  Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 20051001

• Grape-seed derived procyanidins interfere with adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells at the onset of differentiation.

  International journal of obesity (2005) 20050801

• Ethanol and polyphenolic free wine matrix stimulate the differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Influence of their association with a procyanidin-rich grape seed extract.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20050713

• Pentameric procyanidin from Theobroma cacao selectively inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells.

  Molecular cancer therapeutics 20050401

• Influence of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins on free radical-induced human erythrocyte hemolysis.

  Clinical & developmental immunology 20050301

• Apple procyanidins decrease cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein secretion in Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes.

  Journal of lipid research 20050201

• Synthesis of modified proanthocyanidins: introduction of acyl substituents at C-8 of catechin. Selective synthesis of a C-4-->O-->C-3 ether-linked procyanidin-like dimer.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20050201

• Reaction pH and protein affect the oxidation products of beta-pentagalloyl glucose.

  Free radical research 20050201

• Intracellular mediators of procyanidin-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20050126

• [Crataegus from the analytical viewpoint. Official contents of hawthorn drugs].

  Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 20050101

• [Qualitative control of crataegus extracts and preparations].

  Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 20050101

• [Inhibitory effect of grape procyanidin on the cell apoptosis induced by radiation].

  Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases 20041201

• Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines.

  Endocrinology 20041101

• The procyanidin-induced pseudo laminar shear stress response: a new concept for the reversal of endothelial dysfunction.

  Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 20041101

• Relationship between procyanidin and flavor contents of cocoa liquors from different origins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20041006

• Cocoa procyanidins inhibit proliferation and angiogenic signals in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells following stimulation by low-level H2O2.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20040901

• Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040825

• Procyanidins from grape seeds protect against phorbol ester-induced oxidative cellular and genotoxic damage.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20040801

• Polyphenols from peanut skins and their free radical-scavenging effects.

  Phytochemistry 20040801

• [Inhibition of grape procyanidin on the expression of SSTR-2 mRNA in the hepatic cells induced by N-nitroso compounds].

  Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 20040701

• Non-covalent interaction between procyanidins and apple cell wall material: Part I. Effect of some environmental parameters.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20040611

• Induction of apoptosis by three types of procyanidin isolated from apple (Rosaceae Malus pumila) in human stomach cancer KATO III cells.

  International journal of molecular medicine 20040601

• Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults.

  Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20040601

• [Protective effect of procyanidins from the seedpod of the lotus on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20040601

• [Microcirculatory changes in patients with chronic venous and lymphatic insufficiency and heavy leg symptoms before and after therapy with procyanidol oligomers (laser-Doppler study)].

  Orvosi hetilap 20040530

• Polyphenolic profiles of Basque cider apple cultivars and their technological properties.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040519

• Sequential fractionation of grape seeds into oils, polyphenols, and procyanidins via a single system employing CO2-based fluids.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040505

• Administration of procyanidins from grape seeds reduces serum uric acid levels and decreases hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase activities in oxonate-treated mice.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20040501

• Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry investigation of the impact of thermal processing and storage on peach procyanidins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040421

• Floral procyanidins of the forage legume red clover (Trifolium pratense L.).

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040324

• Antigenotoxic effect of grape seed procyanidin extract in Fao cells submitted to oxidative stress.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040310

• Pentameric procyanidins isolated from Theobroma cacao seeds selectively downregulate ErbB2 in human aortic endothelial cells.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20040301

• The induction of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 mediated through a distal enhancer module by flavonoids and xenobiotics.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20040301

• [Effect of grape procyanidins on the apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential of thymus cells].

  Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 20040301

• Efficient one pot extraction and depolymerization of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace procyanidins for the preparation of antioxidant thio-conjugates.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040211

• Cinnamoyl glucosides of catechin and dimeric procyanidins from young leaves of Inga umbellifera (Fabaceae).

  Phytochemistry 20040201

• Inhibition of apple polyphenol oxidase activity by procyanidins and polyphenol oxidation products.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20040114

• Epicatechin, catechin, and dimeric procyanidins inhibit PMA-induced NF-kappaB activation at multiple steps in Jurkat T cells.

  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20040101

• Qualitative analysis and HPLC isolation and identification of procyanidins from Vicia faba.

  Phytochemical analysis : PCA 20040101

• Percutaneous absorption of flavan-3-ol conjugates from plant procyanidins.

  Drugs under experimental and clinical research 20040101

• Membrane effects of cocoa procyanidins in liposomes and Jurkat T cells.

  Biological research 20040101

• Reactions of anthocyanins and tannins in model solutions.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031231

• Composition and cellular localization of tannins in grape seeds during maturation.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031231

• Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by flavan-3-ols and procyanidins.

  FEBS letters 20031218

• Suppression of estrogen biosynthesis by procyanidin dimers in red wine and grape seeds.

  Cancer research 20031201

• Vasorelaxant effects of grape polyphenols in rat isolated aorta. Possible involvement of a purinergic pathway.

  Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20031201

• Effect of the number of flavanol units on the antioxidant activity of procyanidin fractions isolated from chocolate.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031105

• Evidence of the effectiveness of hawthorn extract.

  The American journal of medicine 20031101

• Evaluation of the NO scavenging activity of procyanidin in grape seed by use of the TMA-PTIO/NOC 7 ESR system.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031022

• Monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ol composition of wines and grapes from Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Graciano, Tempranillo, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031022

• Major phenolics in apple and their contribution to the total antioxidant capacity.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031022

• Procyanidins from grape seeds protect endothelial cells from peroxynitrite damage and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation in human artery: new evidences for cardio-protection.

  Life sciences 20031017

• Metabolism of dietary procyanidins in rats.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20031015

• Variability of the polyphenolic composition of cider apple (Malus domestica) fruits and juices.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031008

• Effect of a standardized grape seed extract on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy smokers.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20031001

• Antioxidant protection of low density lipoprotein by procyanidins: structure/activity relationships.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20030915

• Comparative study of eight well-known polyphenolic antioxidants.

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20030901

• Processing of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products alters procyanidin oligomer and polymer distribution and content.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030827

• Hawthorn extracts inhibit LDL oxidation.

  Die Pharmazie 20030801

• Hyperforin a constituent of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) extract induces apoptosis by triggering activation of caspases and with hypericin synergistically exerts cytotoxicity towards human malignant cell lines.

  European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 20030701

• Isolation and structural elucidation of some procyanidins from apple by low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030618

• Inhibitory effect of procyanidin oligomer from elm cortex on the matrix metalloproteinases and proteases of periodontopathogens.

  Journal of periodontal research 20030601

• Micellar electrokinetic chromatography estimation of size and composition of procyanidins after thiolysis with cysteine.

  Electrophoresis 20030501

• Procyanidin B1 is detected in human serum after intake of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract.

  Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 20030501

• MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and PSD fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles.

  Phytochemistry 20030401

• Tandem mass spectrometry of the B-type procyanidins in wine and B-type dehydrodicatechins in an autoxidation mixture of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin.

  Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS 20030401

• Studies in polyphenol chemistry and bioactivity. 4.(1) Synthesis of trimeric, tetrameric, pentameric, and higher oligomeric epicatechin-derived procyanidins having all-4beta,8-interflavan connectivity and their inhibition of cancer cell growth through cell cycle arrest.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20030307

• Plasma levels of hypericin in presence of procyanidin B2 and hyperoside: a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

  Planta medica 20030301

• Measurement of plasma procyanidin B-2 and procyanidin B-3 levels after oral administration in rat.

  Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 20030301

• Mixed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography separation of depolymerized grape procyanidins.

  Electrophoresis 20030201

• Chronic consumption of a flavanol- and procyanindin-rich diet is associated with reduced levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in rat testes.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20030201

• Effects of cultivar and processing method on the contents of catechins and procyanidins in grape juice.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030129

• Stabilizing effect of ascorbic acid on flavan-3-ols and dimeric procyanidins from cocoa.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030129

• Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins protect liposomes against lipid oxidation and disruption of the bilayer structure.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20030101

• Effect of a polyphenols-enriched chardonnay white wine in diabetic rats.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030101

• Cocoa flavonols and procyanidins promote transforming growth factor-beta1 homeostasis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20030101

• Qualitative and quantitative chromatographic investigation of flavonoids in Pyrus communis L. flowers.

  Acta poloniae pharmaceutica 20030101

• A procyanidin extract prolongs bleeding time but does not prevent thrombosis in rats.

  Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 20030101

• Fractionation of grape tannins and analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

  Phytochemical analysis : PCA 20030101

• [Antioxidant and anti-allergic effects of polyphenols].

  Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyujo hokoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences 20030101

• Chocolate consumption, fecal water antioxidant activity, and hydroxyl radical production.

  Nutrition and cancer 20030101

• Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds display cardioprotection in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion damage.

  Drugs under experimental and clinical research 20030101

• Polymeric procyanidins as radical-scavenging components in red-hulled rice.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20021218

• Valorization of grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant and biological properties of polyphenolic fractions differing in procyanidin composition and flavonol content.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20021218

• Procyanidin B-3, isolated from barley and identified as a hair-growth stimulant, has the potential to counteract inhibitory regulation by TGF-beta1.

  Experimental dermatology 20021201

• Polyphenols from the heartwood of Cercidiphyllum japonicum and their effects on proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells.

  Planta medica 20021101

• Influence of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins on UVC-mediated formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in isolated DNA.

  Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20021015

• Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds: in vivo effects on oxidative stress.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20021009

• Modulation of TNF-alpha secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cocoa flavanols and procyanidins.

  Developmental immunology 20020901

• High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of oligomeric procyanidins from dimers up to the hexamer in hawthorn.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20020830

• Procyanidins protect Fao cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20020815

• Fractionation of polymeric procyanidins from lowbush blueberry and quantification of procyanidins in selected foods with an optimized normal-phase HPLC-MS fluorescent detection method.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020814

• Procyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds prevents cataract formation in hereditary cataractous (ICR/f) rats.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020814

• Cysteinyl-flavan-3-ol conjugates from grape procyanidins. Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20020801

• Isolation and identification of oligomeric procyanidins from Crataegus leaves and flowers.

  Phytochemistry 20020801

• Composition of phenolic compounds in a Portuguese pear (Pyrus communis L. var. S. Bartolomeu) and changes after sun-drying.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020731

• Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20020701

• Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Oregon caneberries.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020605

• Antiviral and antioxidant activity of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Crataegus sinaica.

  Planta medica 20020601

• Influence of procyanidins on the color stability of oenin solutions.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020522

• Inhibitory effects of cocoa flavanols and procyanidin oligomers on free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20020501

• Chocolate consumption and platelet function.

  JAMA 20020501

• Vasodilating procyanidins derived from grape seeds.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20020501

• Human apo A-I and rat transferrin are the principal plasma proteins that bind wine catechins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020424

• Antitumor activity of compounds isolated from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020410

• Immunomodulatory proanthocyanidins from Ecdysanthera utilis.

  Journal of natural products 20020401

• [Protection of cornea against proteolytic damage. Experimental study of procyanidolic oligomers (PCO) on bovine cornea].

  Journal francais d'ophtalmologie 20020401

• Procyanidins are not bioavailable in rats fed a single meal containing a grapeseed extract or the procyanidin dimer B3.

  The British journal of nutrition 20020401

• Identification of anthocyanin-flavanol pigments in red wines by NMR and mass spectrometry.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020327

• Flavanols and procyanidins of cocoa and chocolate inhibit growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human colonic cancer cells.

  Cancer letters 20020125

• Catechins and their oligomers linked by C4 --> C8 bonds are major cacao polyphenols and protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20020101

• Procyanidin B-2, extracted from apples, promotes hair growth: a laboratory study.

  The British journal of dermatology 20020101

• Quantification of procyanidins in oral herbal medicinal products containing extracts of Crataegus species.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 20020101

• Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase inhibition by the procyanidin-rich French maritime pine bark extract, pycnogenol: a protein binding effect.

  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 20020101

• Effect of cocoa flavanols and their related oligomers on the secretion of interleukin-5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  Journal of medicinal food 20020101

• Highly polymerized procyanidins in brown soybean seed coat with a high radical-scavenging activity.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20011201

• Bioavailability of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins: gastrointestinal tract influences and their relevance to bioactive forms in vivo.

  Antioxidants & redox signaling 20011201

• [The antioxidative effect of procyanidins from pine bark in vitro].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20011201

• Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds inhibit the respiratory burst of activated human neutrophils and lysosomal enzyme release.

  Planta medica 20011101

• Tannin-protein complexes as radical scavengers and radical sinks.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20011001

• Chocolate: food as medicine/medicine as food.

  Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20011001

• Interactions between apple cell walls and native apple polyphenols: quantification and some consequences.

  International journal of biological macromolecules 20010820

• Analysis of procyanidins in chocolate by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric detection.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20010810

• Epicatechin is the primary bioavailable form of the procyanidin dimers B2 and B5 after transfer across the small intestine.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20010720

• Pharmacological and endocrine effects of Hypericum perforatum and hypericin after repeated treatment.

  Pharmacopsychiatry 20010701

• The first clinical trial of topical application of procyanidin B-2 to investigate its potential as a hair growing agent.

  Phytotherapy research : PTR 20010601

• Procyanidins from the herb of Hypericum perforatum.

  Die Pharmazie 20010601

• The in vitro inhibitory effect of tannin derivatives on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase on vero cells.

  Pharmacology 20010501

• Fast determination of procyanidins and other phenolic compounds in food samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using acidic buffers.

  Electrophoresis 20010501

• Effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

  Pathologie-biologie 20010501

• Separation of apple procyanidins into different degrees of polymerization by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20010427

• Phenolics and physico-chemical characteristics of persimmon during post-harvest storage.

  Die Nahrung 20010401

• Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20010301

• Studies in polyphenol chemistry and bioactivity. 3.(1,2) stereocontrolled synthesis of epicatechin-4alpha,8-epicatechin, an unnatural isomer of the B-type procyanidins.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20010223

• Structural features of procyanidin interactions with salivary proteins.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20010201

• Thiolysis-HPLC characterization of apple procyanidins covering a large range of polymerization states.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20010101

• Quantitative analysis of polymeric procyanidins (Tannins) from grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20010101

• Protective effect of phenolic compounds isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20010101

• Characterization of antioxidant effect of procyanidins.

  Methods in enzymology 20010101

• Inhibition of in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation by oligomeric procyanidins present in chocolate and cocoas.

  Methods in enzymology 20010101

• Biological actions of oligomeric procyanidins: proliferation of epithelial cells and hair follicle growth.

  Methods in enzymology 20010101

• Estimation of procyanidin chain length.

  Methods in enzymology 20010101

• Ability of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to induce the ornithine decarboxylase marker of skin tumor promotion and inhibition of this response by gallotannins, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, and their monomeric units in mouse epidermis in vivo.

  Anticancer research 19950101