22254-24-6 | Ipratropium bromide

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
25mg	95%	in stock	$38.00	$27.00
50mg	95%	in stock	$71.00	$50.00
100mg	95%	in stock	$103.00	$73.00
1g	95%	in stock	$432.00	$303.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AD25303
• Chemical Name: Ipratropium bromide
• CAS Number: 22254-24-6
• Molecular Formula: C20H30BrNO3
• Molecular Weight: 412.3611
• MDL Number: MFCD00069291
• SMILES: OCC(c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[N+]2(C)C(C)C.[Br-]

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 430
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
• Heavy Atom Count: 25
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 6
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Literature

• Ipratropium bromide-mediated myocardial injury in in vitro models of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion.

  Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20140401

• Inhalation toxicity of soman vapor in non-anesthetized rats: a preliminary assessment of inhaled bronchodilator or steroid therapy.

  Chemico-biological interactions 20131205

• Predictors of adherence to inhaled medications among Veterans with COPD.

  Journal of general internal medicine 20121101

• Differential effects of inhaled methacholine on circumferential wall and vascular smooth muscle of third-generation airways in awake sheep.

  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20121015

• Salbutamol but not ipratropium abolishes leukotriene D4-induced gas exchange abnormalities in asthma.

  European journal of clinical pharmacology 20121001

• Lactic acidosis as a complication of β-adrenergic aerosols.

  The American journal of emergency medicine 20120901

• Randomized controlled trial of a breath-activated nebulizer in patients with exacerbation of COPD.

  Respiratory care 20120901

• Co-deposition of a triple therapy drug formulation for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using solution-based pressurised metered dose inhalers.

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20120901

• Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations.

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20120901

• A prospective, comparative trial of standard and breath-actuated nebulizer: efficacy, safety, and satisfaction.

  Respiratory care 20120801

• Detecting improvements in dyspnea in COPD using a three-minute constant rate shuttle walking protocol.

  COPD 20120801

• Risk of stroke associated with inhaled ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based nested case-control study.

  International journal of cardiology 20120712

• A comparison of in vitro relaxant responses to ipratropium bromide, β-adrenoceptor agonists and theophylline in feline bronchial smooth muscle.

  Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 20120701

• Superiority of PC-SOD to other anti-COPD drugs for elastase-induced emphysema and alteration in lung mechanics and respiratory function in mice.

  American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 20120615

• Rehospitalization risks and outcomes in COPD patients receiving maintenance pharmacotherapy.

  Respiratory medicine 20120601

• Bronchoconstriction triggered by breathing hot humid air in patients with asthma: role of cholinergic reflex.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20120601

• Effects of hydrocortisone on acute β-adrenoceptor blocker and histamine induced bronchoconstriction.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20120501

• Magnesium use in asthma pharmacotherapy: a Pediatric Emergency Research Canada study.

  Pediatrics 20120501

• Aerosols and details.

  Chest 20120501

• Anticholinergic therapy for acute asthma in children.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20120418

• Evaluation of air-interfaced Calu-3 cell layers for investigation of inhaled drug interactions with organic cation transporters in vitro.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20120415

• Quantitative analysis of a quaternary ammonium drug: ipratropium bromide by LC/ESI-MS(n) in horse plasma and urine.

  Biomedical chromatography : BMC 20120401

• Comparative health-care cost advantage of ipratropium over tiotropium in COPD patients.

  Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 20120101

• Clinical and economic outcomes in an observational study of COPD maintenance therapies: multivariable regression versus propensity score matching.

  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20120101

• Effects of nebulized bronchodilator therapy on heart rate and arrhythmias in critically ill adult patients.

  Chest 20111201

• The effect of administrative cessation of the use of ipratropium bromide in the treatment of acute asthma attacks in the emergency department.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20111201

• Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).

  PLoS computational biology 20111201

• Simultaneous determination of ipratropium and salbutamol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20111115

• Direct demonstration of tissue uptake of an inhaled drug: proof-of-principle study using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging.

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  Respiratory care 20110901

• Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20110706

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  Respiratory care 20110701

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  Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 20110701

• Pharmacologic unilateral mydriasis due to nebulized ipratropium bromide.

  The American journal of emergency medicine 20110601

• Discovery of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of (3R)-quinuclidinyl carbamates as potent and long acting muscarinic antagonists.

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  The New Zealand medical journal 20110415

• Inhaled anticholinergic drugs and risk of acute urinary retention.

  BJU international 20110401

• Tiotropium for treatment of stable COPD: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant outcomes.

  Respiratory care 20110401

• Inhaled salbutamol plus ipratropium in moderate and severe asthma crises in children.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20110401

• Effects on aerosol performance of mixing of either budesonide or beclomethasone dipropionate with albuterol and ipratropium bromide.

  Respiratory care 20110301

• Tiotropium step-up therapy in asthma.

  The New England journal of medicine 20110210

• Bronchodilator effect of Ipraterol on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.

  Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 20110201

• Organic cation transporter-mediated renal secretion of ipratropium and tiotropium in rats and humans.

  Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20110101

• Acute bronchodilator responsiveness and health outcomes in COPD patients in the UPLIFT trial.

  Respiratory research 20110101

• Community pharmacy and pharmacist staff call center: assessment of medication safety and effectiveness.

  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA 20110101

• Comparative cost-effectiveness of a fluticasone-propionate/salmeterol combination versus anticholinergics as initial maintenance therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20110101

• Comparative characterization of lung muscarinic receptor binding after intratracheal administration of tiotropium, ipratropium, and glycopyrrolate.

  Journal of pharmacological sciences 20110101

• Development and validation of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of albuterol, budesonide, and ipratropium bromide in compounded nebulizer solutions.

  Journal of AOAC International 20110101

• Asthma in adults (acute).

  BMJ clinical evidence 20110101

• Out-of-hospital lingual dystonia resulting in airway obstruction.

  Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors 20110101

• [Age as influence in the adrenergic/cholinergic bronchomotor response].

  Acta medica portuguesa 20110101

• Functional imaging using computer methods to compare the effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patient-specific airway models of COPD.

  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20110101

• [Influence of age and bronchial obstruction on the elderly bronchodilation response].

  Acta medica portuguesa 20110101

• Levalbuterol versuss levalbuterol plus ipratropium in the treatment of severe acute asthma.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20101201

• Effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide on repeated cadmium inhalation-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in rats.

  European journal of pharmacology 20101125

• Inhaled colistin for the treatment of tracheobronchitis and pneumonia in critically ill children without cystic fibrosis.

  Pediatric pulmonology 20101101

• A 20-year-old woman with severe asthma refractory to Primatene Mist.

  Chest 20101101

• Functional response to inhaled salbutamol and/or ipratropium bromide in Ascaris suum-sensitised cats with allergen-induced bronchospasms.

  Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 20101001

• Usefulness of inhaled magnesium sulfate in the coadjuvant management of severe asthma crisis in an emergency department.

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20101001

• Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists under conditions of spleen denervation in rats with endotoxic shock.

  Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20101001

• Reversibility of inspiratory lung function parameters after short-term bronchodilators in COPD.

  Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 20100831

• Efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide/albuterol delivered via Respimat inhaler versus MDI.

  Respiratory medicine 20100801

• Dry powder aerosols generated by standardized entrainment tubes from drug blends with lactose monohydrate: 2. Ipratropium bromide monohydrate and fluticasone propionate.

  Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20100801

• Dry powder aerosols generated by standardized entrainment tubes from alternative sugar blends: 3. Trehalose dihydrate and D-mannitol carriers.

  Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20100801

• [The compatibility between packing material and ipratropium bromide aerosol].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20100801

• Inhibitory effect of anticholinergics on the contraction of isolated caprine urinary bladder detrusor muscle.

  Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 20100701

• Effects of ipratropium on exercise-induced bronchospasm.

  International journal of sports medicine 20100701

• Safety of ipratropium bromide.

  Chest 20100701

• Bronchodilators accelerate the dynamics of muscle O2 delivery and utilisation during exercise in COPD.

  Thorax 20100701

• Electrostatic charge characteristics of jet nebulized aerosols.

  Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery 20100601

• Development and validation of a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of related substances of albuterol sulfate and ipratropium bromide in nasal solution.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20100501

• Blindingly obvious--Combivent as a cause of a unilateral painless mydriasis.

  Irish medical journal 20100501

• Use of ozone-depleting substances; removal of essential-use designation (flunisolide, etc.). Final rule.

  Federal register 20100414

• Effects of intranasal xylometazoline, alone or in combination with ipratropium, in patients with common cold.

  Current medical research and opinion 20100401

• Emotional reactivity of the airways in asthma: consistency across emotion-induction techniques and emotional qualities.

  Biological psychology 20100401

• Relative and additional bronchodilator response of salbutamol and ipratropium in smoker and nonsmoker asthmatics.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20100401

• Economic analyses comparing tiotropium with ipratropium or salmeterol in UK patients with COPD.

  Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group 20100301

• Inhaled albuterol/salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and their combination in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 20100301

• [Glycopyrrolate, an alternative to deptropine citratie when treating sialorrhea].

  Journal de pharmacie de Belgique 20100301

• Anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide against acute cadmium-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats.

  European journal of pharmacology 20100225

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  European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 20100131

• Cardiovascular events associated with ipratropium bromide in COPD.

  Chest 20100101

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  Respiratory medicine 20100101

• Pharmacological studies of bronchial constriction inhibited by parasympatholytics and cilomilast using equine precision-cut lung slices.

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  Pneumologia (Bucharest, Romania) 20100101

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  PharmacoEconomics 20100101

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  BMC pulmonary medicine 20100101

• Reversible airflow obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

  Chest 20091201

• Therapeutic conversion of the combination of ipratropium and albuterol to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20091201

• Low-frequency assessment of airway and tissue mechanics in ventilated COPD patients.

  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20091201

• OTC use of a topical nasal spray solution containing xylometazoline plus ipratropium in patients with common cold.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20091201

• Beneficial effects of warmed humidified oxygen combined with nebulized albuterol and ipratropium in pediatric patients with acute exacerbation of asthma in winter months.

  The Journal of emergency medicine 20091101

• Characterization of aclidinium bromide, a novel inhaled muscarinic antagonist, with long duration of action and a favorable pharmacological profile.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20091101

• Inhaled tiotropium bromide and risk of stroke.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20091101

• Acute pupil asymmetry in a 6-month-old boy. Diagnosis: pharmacologic anisocoria.

  Pediatric annals 20091101

• Do inhaled anticholinergics increase or decrease the risk of major cardiovascular events?: a synthesis of the available evidence.

  Drugs 20091022

• Ipratropium bromide for acute asthma exacerbations in the emergency setting: a literature review of the evidence.

  Pediatric emergency care 20091001

• Anticholinergic treatment in airways diseases.

  Advances in therapy 20091001

• Effects of inhalational bronchodilator treatment during noninvasive ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

  Journal of critical care 20090901

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• Discovery of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of (3R)-quinuclidinol esters as potent and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with potential for minimal systemic exposure after inhaled administration: identification of (3R)-3-{[hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetyl]oxy}-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (aclidinium bromide).

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• High-dose continuous nebulized levalbuterol for pediatric status asthmaticus: a randomized trial.

  The Journal of pediatrics 20090801

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  Pediatric pulmonology 20090801

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  Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 20090801

• Treatment of clozapine-induced hypersalivation with ipratropium bromide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.

  The Journal of clinical psychiatry 20090801

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  The Medical journal of Australia 20090504

• A pilot study comparing the antispasmodic effects of inhaled salmeterol, salbutamol and ipratropium bromide using different aerosol devices on muscarinic bronchoconstriction in healthy cats.

  Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 20090501

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• In vitro deposition properties of nebulized formoterol fumarate: effect of nebulization time, airflow, volume of fill and nebulizer type.

  Current medical research and opinion 20090401

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  Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 20090401

• Evaluation of acute bronchodilator reversibility in patients with symptoms of GOLD stage I COPD.

  Thorax 20090301

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  Current medical research and opinion 20090301

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  JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 20090301

• A real sugar high? Wheeze and associated hyperglycemia.

  The American journal of emergency medicine 20090301

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  PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology 20090101

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  Respiratory care 20081201

• A randomized controlled trial of intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjunct to standard therapy in acute severe asthma.

  Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology 20081201

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  Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 20081201

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  COPD 20081201

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  Bangladesh Medical Research Council bulletin 20081201

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  Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 20081201

• Compatibility and aerosol characteristics of formoterol fumarate mixed with other nebulizing solutions.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20081001

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  JAMA 20080924

• Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Annals of internal medicine 20080916

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  Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society 20080901

• Effect of COPD treatments on MRP1-mediated transport in bronchial epithelial cells.

  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20080901

• A benign cause for a unilateral dilated pupil in a critical care patient.

  European journal of anaesthesiology 20080801

• Bronchodilator efficacy of the fixed combination of ipratropium and albuterol compared to albuterol alone in moderate-to-severe persistent asthma.

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20080801

• Lung function and symptom improvement with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol and ipratropium bromide/albuterol in COPD: response by beta-agonist reversibility.

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20080801

• A double-blind crossover study comparing the safety and efficacy of three weeks of Flu/Sal 250/50 bid plus albuterol 180 ug prn q4 hours to Flu/Sal 250/50 bid plus albuterol/Ipratropium bromide 2 puffs prn q4 hours in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  COPD 20080801

• Risk of hospitalizations/emergency department visits and treatment costs associated with initial maintenance therapy using fluticasone propionate 500 microg/salmeterol 50 microg compared with ipratropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older adults.

  The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy 20080801

• The effect of different treatment modalities on oxidative stress in COPD.

  Advances in therapy 20080701

• PVC membrane electrode for the potentiometric determination of Ipratropium bromide using batch and flow injection techniques.

  Talanta 20080615

• Comparative diffusion of drugs through bronchial tissue.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20080605

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  Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group 20080601

• Comparison of the protective effect amongst anticholinergic drugs on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20080601

• Bronchodilatory effects of S-isopetasin, an antimuscarinic sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, on obstructive airway hyperresponsiveness.

  European journal of pharmacology 20080428

• Aerosolized salbutamol accelerates the resolution of pulmonary edema after lung resection.

  Chest 20080401

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  Chest 20080401

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  Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 20080401

• Pharmacological mydriasis secondary to ipratropium bromide: a cause of unilateral dilated pupil.

  Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 20080301

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  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20080301

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  Rhinology 20080301

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  Prescrire international 20080201

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  Respiratory medicine 20080101

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  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20080101

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  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 20080101

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  Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 20080101

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  Chronic respiratory disease 20080101

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  Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention 20080101

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  The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique 20080101

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  Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 20071208

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  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20071201

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  Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20071115

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  Chest 20071101

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  Die Pharmazie 20071001

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  Pharmacotherapy 20070901

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  Drug development and industrial pharmacy 20070901

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  Respiratory medicine 20070701

• Modelling the 5-year cost effectiveness of tiotropium, salmeterol and ipratropium for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain.

  The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care 20070601

• Effect of interactive ternary mixtures on dispersion characteristics of ipratropium bromide in dry powder inhaler formulations.

  AAPS PharmSciTech 20070601

• Comparison of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and costs in a historical cohort of Texas Medicaid patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by initial medication regimen.

  Clinical therapeutics 20070601

• Comparing COPD treatment: nebulizer, metered dose inhaler, and concomitant therapy.

  The American journal of medicine 20070501

• Cost-effectiveness of long-acting bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Mayo Clinic proceedings 20070501

• Use of ozone-depleting substances; removal of essential use designations; confirmation of effective date. Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date.

  Federal register 20070427

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  Respiratory medicine 20070401

• Two cases of severe obstructive pneumonia associated with an HKU1-like coronavirus.

  European journal of medical research 20070326

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  Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20070315

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  International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20070301

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  Respiratory medicine 20070201

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  Respiratory care 20070201

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  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20070101

• Inhibition of pneumococcal choline-binding proteins and cell growth by esters of bicyclic amines.

  The FEBS journal 20070101

• Efficacy and safety of topical combinations of ipratropium and xylometazoline for the treatment of symptoms of runny nose and nasal congestion associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection.

  American journal of rhinology 20070101

• Treatment persistence and compliance with medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Canadian respiratory journal 20070101

• Plethysmographic comparison of breathing pattern in heaves (recurrent airway obstruction) versus experimental bronchoconstriction or hyperpnea in horses.

  Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20070101

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  Respiratory research 20070101

• Menthol cigarettes and health risks in Lung Health Study data.

  Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20070101

• Efficacy and tolerance of high-dose inhaled ipratropium bromide vs. terbutaline in intubated premature human neonates.

  Neonatology 20070101

• [Combined bronchodilating therapy of respiratory diseases complicated with bronchial obstruction].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20070101

• Aseptic femoral head necrosis in a patient receiving long term courses of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids.

  Tuberkuloz ve toraks 20070101

• Exploratory economic evaluation of patients with COPD on a combination product versus individual components (ipratropium bromide and albuterol).

  Advances in therapy 20070101

• [Inhaled therapy via nebulization: practical issues].

  Pneumologia (Bucharest, Romania) 20070101

• [Improved inhaler confirmed in general practice. Patients with respiratory diseases can breathe freely].

  MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 20061207

• [Inhalation system on trial. Current feasibility study data].

  MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 20061207

• Evaluating the pharmacoeconomic effect of adding tiotropium bromide to the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in Singapore.

  Respiratory medicine 20061201

• Inhalation solutions: which one are allowed to be mixed? Physico-chemical compatibility of drug solutions in nebulizers.

  Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society 20061201

• Electrostatic characterisation of inhaled powders: effect of contact surface and relative humidity.

  European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 20061201

• Unilateral fixed dilated pupil in a well child.

  Archives of disease in childhood 20061201

• Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the identification of drug impurities.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20061107

• A randomized, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of continuous nebulized albuterol (15 mg) versus continuous nebulized albuterol (15 mg) plus ipratropium bromide (2 mg) for the treatment of acute asthma.

  The Journal of emergency medicine 20061101

• A rare complication of chlorine gas inhalation: pneumomediastinum.

  Emergency medicine journal : EMJ 20061101

• Same efficacies of ipratropium and salbutamol in reversing methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20061101

• Randomized controlled trial of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol versus salbutamol alone in children with acute exacerbation of asthma.

  Indian journal of pediatrics 20061101

• [Acute angle-closure glaucoma resulting from treatment with nebulised bronchodilators].

  Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 20061101

• LC/MS/MS analysis of quaternary ammonium drugs and herbicides in whole blood.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20061002

• An oral selective M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist in COPD.

  The European respiratory journal 20061001

• Physicochemical and in vitro deposition properties of salbutamol sulphate/ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulphate/excipient spray dried mixtures for use in dry powder inhalers.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20060928

• Unilateral mydriasis from ipratropium in transplant patients.

  Neurology 20060912

• Additive benefits of tiotropium in COPD patients treated with long-acting beta agonists and corticosteroids.

  Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 20060901

• Review of guidelines and the literature in the treatment of acute bronchospasm in asthma.

  Pharmacotherapy 20060901

• Double-blind randomized parallel group study comparing the efficacy and safety of tiotropium and ipratropium in the treatment of COPD patients in Taiwan.

  Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 20060901

• [COPD treatment by drugs].

  Revue des maladies respiratoires 20060901

• Variations in management of common inpatient pediatric illnesses: hospitalists and community pediatricians.

  Pediatrics 20060801

• [Effects of salbutamo and ipraopium bromide inhalation on pulmonary function in young children with asthmatoid bronchitis].

  Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 20060801

• Ipratropium bromide versus long-acting beta-2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20060719

• Pharmacological assessment of the duration of action of glycopyrrolate vs tiotropium and ipratropium in guinea-pig and human airways.

  British journal of pharmacology 20060601

• Best evidence topic reports. Beta-agonists with or without anti-cholinergics in the treatment of acute childhood asthma?

  Emergency medicine journal : EMJ 20060601

• Cost reduction strategies used by elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to cope with a generic-only pharmacy benefit.

  Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP 20060601

• Long-term outcome of vocal cord dysfunction.

  Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 20060601

• [Comparison of tiotropium inhalation capsules and ipratropium metered dose inhaler in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, efficacy and safety study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 20060601

• Cholinergic bronchomotor tone and airway caliber in tetraplegic patients.

  Spinal cord 20060501

• Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.

  Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 20060501

• Comparison of nebulized ipratropium bromide with salbutamol vs salbutamol alone in acute asthma exacerbation in children.

  Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 20060501

• Ipratropium bromide versus short acting beta-2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20060419

• Plethysmography and impulse oscillometry assessment of tiotropium and ipratropium bromide; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in healthy subjects.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20060401

• Comparative costs of tiotropium and ipratropium.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20060315

• Anticholinergic agents in asthma and COPD.

  European journal of pharmacology 20060308

• Images in clinical medicine. Nebulizer-associated anisocoria.

  The New England journal of medicine 20060302

• Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium.

  Annals of internal medicine 20060117

• Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium.

  Annals of internal medicine 20060117

• Efficacy of nebulized flunisolide combined with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 20060101

• Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of equine respiratory mechanics by impulse oscillometry.

  Equine veterinary journal 20060101

• Use of an 'evidence-based implementation' strategy to implement evidence-based care of asthma into rural district hospital emergency departments.

  Rural and remote health 20060101

• Inhaled formoterol versus ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences 20060101

• Hemorrhagic bullae with nebulised ipratropium bromide.

  Journal of postgraduate medicine 20060101

• Manufacture, characterization, and pharmacodynamic evaluation of engineered ipratropium bromide particles.

  Pharmaceutical development and technology 20060101

• Is there any difference between effects of ipratropium bromide and formoterol on exercise capacity in moderate COPD patients?

  Tuberkuloz ve toraks 20060101

• Childhood asthma: breakthroughs and challenges.

  Advances in pediatrics 20060101

• Early prognosis of acute asthma in the emergency room.

  Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia 20060101

• Walking versus cycling: sensitivity to bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20051215

• Ipratropium-bromide-induced acute anisocoria in the intensive care setting due to ill-fitting face masks.

  Respiratory care 20051201

• A 10-year-old child with status asthmaticus, hypercapnia and a unilateral dilated pupil.

  Paediatric anaesthesia 20051201

• Asthma and other wheezing disorders in children.

  Clinical evidence 20051201

• Asthma.

  Clinical evidence 20051201

• [Economic value of tiotropium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Praxis 20051116

• Comparative effects of salmeterol, albuterol, and ipratropium on normal and impaired mucociliary function in sheep.

  Chest 20051101

• Inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20051019

• Inhalation therapy with metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers in mechanically ventilated patients.

  Respiratory care 20051001

• [Clinical and functional benefits of adding theophylline to a standard treatment with short acting bronchodilators in patients with COPD].

  Revista medica de Chile 20051001

• The effect of ipratropium nasal spray on bronchial methacholine challenge.

  Chest 20050901

• Anticholinergic drugs for wheeze in children under the age of two years.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20050720

• Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol combined with ipratropium bromide in acute pediatric asthma: a randomized controlled trial.

  The Journal of emergency medicine 20050701

• Bronchodilator response in the lung health study over 11 yrs.

  The European respiratory journal 20050701

• Airway tone during exercise in healthy subjects: effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide.

  International journal of sports medicine 20050601

• [Acute angle-closure glaucoma and ipratropium bromide].

  Medicina clinica 20050528

• Protective effect of ipratropium bromide on bronchoconstriction induced by sulfur dioxide exposure during apricot sufurization processes that causes asthma-like syndrome in agricultural environment.

  Pharmacological research 20050501

• [Pupillary disorder after use of asthma spray aerosol].

  Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 20050501

• [Cost-effectiveness analysis of tiotropium compared to ipratropium and salmeterol].

  Archivos de bronconeumologia 20050501

• The efficacy and safety of inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol and ipratropium/albuterol for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an eight-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study.

  Clinical therapeutics 20050501

• Effects of two nebulization regimens on heart rate variability during acute asthma exacerbations in children.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20050501

• Inhaled tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20050418

• Compatibility and osmolality of inhaled N-acetylcysteine nebulizing solution with fenoterol and ipratropium.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20050415

• Responsiveness of continuous ratings of dyspnea during exercise in patients with COPD.

  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20050401

• Ipratropium bromide.

  Nursing times 20050401

• Effect of ipratropium bromide on EIB in children depends on vagal activity.

  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20050301

• A comparison of the risk of hospitalizations due to chronicobstructive pulmonary disease in medicaid patients with various medication regimens, including ipratropium, inhaled corticosteroids, salmeterol, or their combination.

  Clinical therapeutics 20050301

• Summaries for patients. The effects of a smoking cessation program on long-term survival in smokers with mild lung disease.

  Annals of internal medicine 20050215

• The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial.

  Annals of internal medicine 20050215

• A comparison of plethysmography, spirometry and oscillometry for assessing the pulmonary effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide in healthy subjects and patients with asthma.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20050201

• A respiratory therapist-directed protocol for managing inpatients with asthma and COPD incorporating a long-acting bronchodilator.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20050201

• Assessment of airway caliber and bronchodilator responsiveness in subjects with spinal cord injury.

  Chest 20050101

• Use of 0.06% ipratropium bromide nasal spray in children aged 2 to 5 years with rhinorrhea due to a common cold or allergies.

  Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 20050101

• Respimat Soft Mist inhaler versus hydrofluoroalkane metered dose inhaler: patient preference and satisfaction.

  Treatments in respiratory medicine 20050101

• Bronchodilators in bronchoscopy-induced airflow limitation in allergen-sensitized cats.

  Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20050101

• Probabilistic Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy in COPD patients in different countries.

  Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 20050101

• The influence of ipratropium bromide in the recovery phase of methacholine induced-bronchospasm.

  European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 20050101

• Ipratropium bromide HFA.

  Treatments in respiratory medicine 20050101

• Comparison of the aerosol velocity and spray duration of Respimat Soft Mist inhaler and pressurized metered dose inhalers.

  Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine 20050101

• The efficacy of nebulized albuterol/ipratropium bromide versus albuterol alone in the prehospital treatment of suspected reactive airways disease.

  Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors 20050101

• Simplified detection of dynamic hyperinflation.

  Chest 20041201

• Comparison of the effects of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol on autonomic heart rate control.

  Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 20041101

• Gustatory rhinorrhea as a complication of oral surgery.

  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 20041001

• In vivo and in vitro study of the influence of the anticholinesterase drug galantamine on motor and evacuative functions of rat gastrointestinal tract.

  European journal of pharmacology 20040913

• The efficacy of smoking cessation strategies in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a systematic review.

  Respiratory medicine 20040901

• Airway reactivity is a determinant of bronchodilator responsiveness after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20040901

• [Lung function and exercise tolerance after treatment with salmeterol or ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 20040901

• Asthma in emergency departments: combined adult and paediatric versus paediatric only centres.

  Journal of paediatrics and child health 20040801

• Tiotropium bromide.

  Nature reviews. Drug discovery 20040801

• Prevention of bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea pigs: efficacy of common prophylactic drugs.

  Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 20040720

• Pupil blown by a puffer.

  Lancet (London, England) 20040701

• Pupil blown by a puffer.

  Lancet (London, England) 20040605

• Medical aerosol propellant interference with infrared anaesthetic gas monitors.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20040601

• Adverse effects of short-acting beta-agonists: potential impact when anti-inflammatory therapy is inadequate.

  Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 20040601

• Anticholinergics: not such a dry topic anymore.

  Home healthcare nurse 20040601

• Exercise responses during endurance testing at different intensities in patients with COPD.

  Respiratory medicine 20040601

• [Treatment of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope with cardiac inhibitors with ipratropium bromide].

  Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie 20040601

• Asthma and other wheezing disorders in infants and children.

  Clinical evidence 20040601

• Asthma.

  Clinical evidence 20040601

• Improved delivery of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol from Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler in patients with COPD.

  Respiratory medicine 20040501

• The reversibility of increased airways resistance in chronic heart failure measured by impulse oscillometry.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20040401

• Smoking reduction in the Lung Health Study.

  Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20040401

• Aging does not affect beta-agonist responsiveness after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 20040301

• Efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide plus fenoterol inhaled via Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler vs. a conventional metered dose inhaler plus spacer in children with asthma.

  Pediatric pulmonology 20040301

• Clozapine-induced sialorrhea treated with sublingual ipratropium spray: a case series.

  Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 20040201

• One-year cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus ipratropium to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The European respiratory journal 20040201

• How to choose a cold remedy.

  Consumer reports 20040201

• Nebulized salbutamol vs salbutamol and ipratropium combination in asthma.

  Indian journal of pediatrics 20040201

• Concomitant occasional use of salbutamol influences bronchoprotective responsiveness afforded by formoterol in patients with the glycine-16 genotype.

  European journal of clinical pharmacology 20040101

• [Effect of high doses of broncholytics on the state of cardiovascular system during treatment of sever exacerbation of bronchial asthma].

  Kardiologiia 20040101

• Redefining treatment in COPD: new directions in bronchodilator therapy.

  Treatments in respiratory medicine 20040101

• A short-term comparison of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol with ipratropium bromide/albuterol for the treatment of COPD.

  Treatments in respiratory medicine 20040101

• A review of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol hydrobromide (Berodual) delivered via Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Drugs 20040101

• Tiotropium: a new, long-acting agent for the management of COPD--a clinical review.

  Director (Cincinnati, Ohio) 20040101

• [Efficacy of a complementary antiinflammatory treatment with erespal in chronic obstructive and nonobstructive bronchitis].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20040101

• The use of inhaled and related respiratory medications in Christchurch rest homes.

  The New Zealand medical journal 20031212

• No effect of cromoglycate treatment in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

  Pediatric pulmonology 20031101

• Response to Ringbaek et al.

  Respiratory medicine 20031001

• Nebulised salbutamol and magnesium sulphate in acute asthma.

  Lancet (London, England) 20030927

• Ipratropium bromide for treatment of bethanechol-induced sialorrhea.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20030901

• An evaluation of nebulized levalbuterol in stable COPD.

  Chest 20030901

• Cardiovascular collapse in a 77-year-old-woman with an asthma exacerbation following bronchodilator treatment.

  Chest 20030901

• Contractile leg fatigue after cycle exercise: a factor limiting exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20030815

• No effect of cromoglycate treatment in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

  Pediatric pulmonology 20030801

• Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Thorax 20030801

• [Compressive hiatus hernia: an original differential diagnosis of compressive pneumothorax].

  La Revue de medecine interne 20030801

• The effect of smoking intervention and an inhaled bronchodilator on airways reactivity in COPD: the Lung Health Study.

  Chest 20030801

• Formoterol and ipratropium in COPD.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20030601

• Changes in smoking status affect women more than men: results of the Lung Health Study.

  American journal of epidemiology 20030601

• A comparison of the effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on exercise endurance in patients with COPD.

  Chest 20030601

• Triple inhaled drug protocol for the treatment of acute severe asthma.

  Chest 20030601

• It was a shock.

  The American journal of nursing 20030601

• Elevation of the nasal mucosal surface temperature after warming of the feet occurs via a neural reflex.

  Acta oto-laryngologica 20030601

• [Effect of ipratropium bromide on lung dynamic hyperinflation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

  Revista medica de Chile 20030601

• Asthma and other wheezing disorders of childhood.

  Clinical evidence 20030601

• [Confusion and chorea triggered by the association of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol administered by inhaler].

  Revista de neurologia 20030501

• Early death due to severe organophosphate poisoning is a centrally mediated process.

  Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 20030401

• A pilot prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bilevel positive airway pressure in acute asthmatic attack.

  Chest 20030401

• [Regulation of bronchial tone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): role of muscarinic receptors].

  Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984) 20030401

• Effect of inhalation of salbutamol, beclomethasone dipropionate & ipratropium bromide on mucociliary clearance in some patients with chronic stable bronchial asthma.

  The Indian journal of medical research 20030401

• Ipratropium and lung health study.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20030301

• A role for ipratropium in chemical terrorism preparedness.

  Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 20030301

• Ipratropium treatment of acute airways disease.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20030301

• The 'crashing asthmatic.'.

  American family physician 20030301

• Is there any association between inhaled ipratropium and mortality in patients with COPD and asthma?

  Respiratory medicine 20030301

• Addition of ipratropium to nebulized albuterol in children with acute asthma presenting to a pediatric office.

  Clinical pediatrics 20030301

• Tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Drug and therapeutics bulletin 20030201

• An economic assessment of inhaled formoterol dry powder versus ipratropium bromide pressurized metered dose inhaler in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Clinical therapeutics 20030101

• Does a single dose of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, cilomilast (15 mg), induce bronchodilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20030101

• Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in elite athletes: optimal management for quality of life and performance.

  Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 20030101

• [Cost effectiveness of the application of inhaled ipratropium bromide in the treatment of adult patients with acute asthma in Uruguay].

  Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 20030101

• Effect of single inhalation of a salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and beclomethasone on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

  The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences 20030101

• Methods to analyse cost data of patients who withdraw in a clinical trial setting.

  PharmacoEconomics 20030101

• [Tiotropium bromide in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20030101

• Using an evidence-based protocol to guide rehabilitation and weaning of ventilator-dependent cervical spinal cord injury patients.

  Journal of rehabilitation research and development 20030101

• [Effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on arterial blood gases in patients with stable COPD].

  Tuberkuloz ve toraks 20030101

• [Milestones in inhalation therapy of airway diseases].

  Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983) 20021215

• [Do we need inhalative steroids in chronic COPD patients?].

  Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983) 20021215

• How do we treat wheezing infants? Evidence or anecdote.

  Archives of disease in childhood 20021201

• beta2-Agonists in acute asthma: the evolving state of the art.

  Pediatric emergency care 20021201

• Capillary leakage syndrome: a case report and a review.

  Allergie et immunologie 20021201

• Effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide in COPD: a 3-month placebo-controlled study.

  The European respiratory journal 20021101

• [Dyspnea and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Archivos de bronconeumologia 20021001

• Delivery of ipratropium and albuterol combination therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effectiveness of a two-in-one inhaler versus separate inhalers.

  The American journal of managed care 20021001

• The effect of heliox-driven bronchodilator aerosol therapy on pulmonary function tests in patients with asthma.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20021001

• Cholinergic blockade does not alter the nasal congestive response to irritant provocation.

  Rhinology 20020901

• Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20020801

• [Influence of an oscillating physiotherapy device (RC-Cornet trade mark) on the regional distribution of the pulmonary aerosol deposition in patients with COPD].

  Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) 20020801

• Effects of formoterol (Oxis Turbuhaler) and ipratropium on exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

  Respiratory medicine 20020801

• Comparison of acute bronchodilator effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in bronchial asthma.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20020801

• Tiotropium: a potential replacement for ipratropium in patients with COPD.

  Issues in emerging health technologies 20020701

• Treatment and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 20020601

• Management of bronchiolitis: current practices in Ireland.

  Irish medical journal 20020601

• Asthma in children.

  Clinical evidence 20020601

• [Efficacy of treatment modification in status asthmaticus and complication frequency].

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 20020601

• Small-sample adjustments in using the sandwich variance estimator in generalized estimating equations.

  Statistics in medicine 20020530

• What is the optimal treatment strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations?

  The European respiratory journal 20020501

• [Effect of ipratropium bromide on calcium activated potassium channel in tracheal smooth muscle cells from chronically hypoxic rats].

  Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 20020501

• Differential response of wheezes and ruttles to anticholinergics.

  Archives of disease in childhood 20020401

• Pharmacodynamic steady state of tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The European respiratory journal 20020401

• Use of a mucus clearance device enhances the bronchodilator response in patients with stable COPD.

  Chest 20020301

• In children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations, does adding ipratropium bromide to albuterol and corticosteroids improve outcome?

  The Journal of family practice 20020301

• Mydriasis due to self-administered inhaled ipratropium bromide.

  European journal of pediatrics 20020301

• Treatment of patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison of an oral/metered-dose inhaler regimen and an intravenous/nebulizer regimen.

  Respiratory care 20020201

• Dry powder ipratropium bromide is as safe and effective as metered-dose inhaler formulation: a cumulative dose-response study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

  Respiratory care 20020201

• Other option in bronchiolitis.

  Indian pediatrics 20020201

• Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 yr's treatment with tiotropium.

  The European respiratory journal 20020201

• Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous salbutamol and nebulized ipratropium bromide in early management of severe acute asthma in children presenting to an emergency department.

  Critical care medicine 20020201

• [Benefits of ipratropium bromide in the management of asthmatic crises in the emergency department].

  Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie 20020201

• The incremental shuttle walking test in elderly people with chronic airflow limitation.

  Thorax 20020101

• Effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide on breathing mechanics and gas exchange in exercising horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Equine veterinary journal 20020101

• Anticholinergic drugs for wheeze in children under the age of two years.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20020101

• [Pharmacodynamics of inhalation broncholytic agents introduced in a single dose by nebulizer in patients with severe exacerbation of bronchial asthma].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20020101

• Do bronchodilators have an effect on bronchiolitis?

  Critical care (London, England) 20020101

• Histochemical and biochemical studies on the secretory mechanisms of some glands of guinea-pigs treated with histamine.

  Folia histochemica et cytobiologica 20020101

• Management of acute, severe asthma in children.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20020101

• Role of cholinergic reflexes on the bronchoconstrictor reactivity to neurokinin a in allergic dogs.

  Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 20020101

• Anticholinergics in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 20020101

• An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

  The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences 20020101

• [Comparison of acute bronchiolytic effect of inhaling solutions of berodual vs salgim using a nebulizer in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma].

  Terapevticheskii arkhiv 20020101

• Anti-cholinergic bronchodilators versus beta2-sympathomimetic agents for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20020101

• Randomized trial of the addition of ipratropium bromide to albuterol and corticosteroid therapy in children hospitalized because of an acute asthma exacerbation.

  Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 20011201

• Standard dose of inhaled albuterol significantly increases QT dispersion compared to low dose of albuterol plus ipratropium bromide therapy in moderate to severe acute asthma attacks in children.

  Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 20011201

• Towards evidence based medicine for paediatricians.

  Archives of disease in childhood 20011101

• Childhood asthma.

  The Western journal of medicine 20011101

• Does adding ipratropium to salbutamol (albuterol) help children with asthma?

  Archives of disease in childhood 20011101

• Therapy choices beyond antihistamines. Vasomotor rhinitis.

  Advance for nurse practitioners 20011101

• Graphical model checking with correlated response data.

  Statistics in medicine 20011015

• Ipratropium bromide hydrofluoroalkane inhalation aerosol is safe and effective in patients with COPD.

  Chest 20011001

• [RC-Cornet(R) improves the bronchodilating effect of Ipratropiumbromide (Atrovent(R)) inhalation in COPD-patients].

  Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) 20011001

• The use of ipratropium bromide for the management of acute asthma exacerbation in adults and children: a systematic review.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20011001

• Lower arrythmogenic risk of low dose albuterol plus ipratropium.

  Indian journal of pediatrics 20011001

• Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Thorax 20010901

• Inhaled formoterol dry powder versus ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20010901

• Posttraumatic pseudo-cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

  Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology 20010901

• Analyses of quaternary ammonium drugs in horse urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

  Electrophoresis 20010701

• Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the anticholinergics tiotropium and ipratropium in the rat and dog.

  Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition 20010701

• Bronchodilatory effects of salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and their combination: double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in cystic fibrosis.

  Pediatric pulmonology 20010601

• Does the mode of inhalation affect the bronchodilator response in patients with severe COPD?

  Respiratory medicine 20010601

• Effectiveness of salmeterol versus ipratropium bromide on exertional dyspnoea in COPD.

  The European respiratory journal 20010601

• In patients with COPD, treatment with a combination of formoterol and ipratropium is more effective than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium : a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, within-patient, multicenter study.

  Chest 20010501

• Effects of inhalation of albuterol sulphate, ipratroprium bromide and frusemide on breathing mechanics and gas exchange in healthy exercising horses.

  Equine veterinary journal 20010501

• Function of pulmonary neuronal M(2) muscarinic receptors in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20010501

• Clozapine and sialorrhea: update.

  Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN 20010501

• Antimuscarinic treatment for lung diseases from research to clinical practice.

  Life sciences 20010427

• The role of domiciliary nebulizers in managing patients with severe COPD.

  Respiratory medicine 20010401

• Use of a long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist, salmeterol xinafoate, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20010401

• Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Salbutamol and ipratropium in COPD.

  Emergency medicine journal : EMJ 20010301

• Improved delivery of fenoterol plus ipratropium bromide using Respimat compared with a conventional metered dose inhaler.

  The European respiratory journal 20010201

• Exhalation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) by healthy subjects.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20010115

• Ipratropium bromide plus nebulized albuterol for the treatment of hospitalized children with acute asthma.

  The Journal of pediatrics 20010101

• The impact of combined inhaled bronchodilator therapy in the treatment of COPD.

  Chest 20010101

• Nicotine replacement combined with a novel compound (ProBAN) for smoking cessation: a pilot study.

  Canadian respiratory journal 20010101

• Inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists versus ipratropium for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20010101

• Inhaled salmeterol: a review of its efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Drugs & aging 20010101

• Ipratropium bromide nasal spray for treatment of rhinorrhea in the laryngectomized patient: a pilot study.

  American journal of rhinology 20010101

• [Effect of ipratropium bromide on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with chronic airway obstruction].

  Medicina 20010101

• [Significance of bronchospasm in the development of bronchial obstruction in exogenous allergic alveolitis].

  Problemy tuberkuleza 20010101

• Inhaled anticholinergic therapy: applied pharmacology and interesting developments.

  Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) 20010101

• Cold-induced rhinitis in skiers--clinical aspects and treatment with ipratropium bromide nasal spray: a randomized controlled trial.

  American journal of rhinology 20010101

• Effect of ipratropium bromide on airway and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Chinese medical journal 20010101

• [Effect of anticholinergic therapy on myocardial reserve dynamics in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

  Likars'ka sprava 20010101

• Unilateral fixed dilated pupil in a ventilated child with asthma.

  European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 20000901

• Blurred vision from ipratropium bromide inhalation.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20000515

• Blurred vision from ipratropium bromide inhalation.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 19990501

• Styrofoam cup, ipratropium bromide, and anisocoria.

  Clinical pediatrics 19990501

• Transient anisocoria secondary to nebulized ipratropium bromide.

  Clinical pediatrics 19980701

• Nebulizer-induced anisocoria.

  Annals of internal medicine 19980215

• Acute bronchodilating effects of ipratropium bromide and theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  The American journal of medicine 19911021

• Comparison of ipratropium bromide and albuterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a three-center study.

  The American journal of medicine 19911021

• Urinary retention associated with ipratropium bromide.

  DICP : the annals of pharmacotherapy 19910901

• Long-term safety and efficacy study of intranasal ipratropium bromide.

  The Journal of laryngology and otology 19900201

• Bladder outflow obstruction induced by ipratropium bromide.

  Postgraduate medical journal 19890401

• Supraventricular tachycardia caused by nebulised ipratropium bromide.

  Thorax 19890401

• Ipratropium bromide in asthma. A review of the literature.

  The American journal of medicine 19861114

• Nebulized salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in asthmatic children.

  British journal of diseases of the chest 19860101

• Clinical physiological data on the bronchodilator effect of Duovent versus salbutamol in chronic obstructive lung disease.

  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 19860101

• Treatment of asthma bronchiale with a combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol.

  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 19860101

• [Hemodynamic effects in antagonism of neuromuscular blockage: atropine-pyridostigmine versus ipratropium bromide-pyridostigmine].

  Der Anaesthesist 19841001

• [Antiallergic asthma effect of ipatropium bromide (Sch 1000) in dogs (author's transl)].

  Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 19771001