504-88-1 | 3-Nitropropionic acid

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
250mg	95%	in stock	$34.00	$24.00
1g	95%	in stock	$80.00	$56.00
5g	95%	in stock	$201.00	$141.00
25g	95%	in stock	$758.00	$531.00
100g	95%	in stock	$2,623.00	$1,836.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB65466
• Chemical Name: 3-Nitropropionic acid
• CAS Number: 504-88-1
• Molecular Formula: C3H5NO4
• Molecular Weight: 119.0761
• MDL Number: MFCD00007406
• SMILES: OC(=O)CCN(=O)=O
• NSC Number: 64266

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 104
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 8
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 2
• XLogP3: -0.5

Literature

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  Experimental neurology 20071001

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  The European journal of neuroscience 20070801

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• Manganese targets m-aconitase and activates iron regulatory protein 2 in AF5 GABAergic cells.

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  Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20070601

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• Developmental stage of oligodendrocytes determines their response to activated microglia in vitro.

  Journal of neuroinflammation 20070101

• Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Candidi based on molecular, morphological and physiological data.

  Studies in mycology 20070101

• MEK inhibition exacerbates ischemic calcium imbalance and neuronal cell death in rat cortical cultures.

  European journal of pharmacology 20061228

• Co-regulation of dopamine D1 receptor and uncoupling protein-2 expression in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity: neuroprotective role of L-carnitine.

  Neuroscience letters 20061213

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  Neuroscience letters 20061213

• NR2B-containing NMDA receptors promote the neurotoxic effects of 3-nitropropionic acid but not of rotenone in the striatum.

  Experimental neurology 20061201

• Acute administration of 3-nitropropionic acid, a reactive oxygen species generator, boosts ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation. New support for the role of brain catalase in the behavioural effects of ethanol.

  Neuropharmacology 20061201

• Oral uridine pro-drug PN401 is neuroprotective in the R6/2 and N171-82Q mouse models of Huntington's disease.

  Neurobiology of disease 20061201

• Memantine reduces striatal cell death with decreasing calpain level in 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease.

  Brain research 20061106

• D-beta-hydroxybutyrate protects dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells in a rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20061101

• Thermoregulatory and metabolic defects in Huntington's disease transgenic mice implicate PGC-1alpha in Huntington's disease neurodegeneration.

  Cell metabolism 20061101

• Adenosine A2A receptors in bone marrow-derived cells but not in forebrain neurons are important contributors to 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal damage as revealed by cell-type-selective inactivation.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20061101

• Infant mice with glutaric acidaemia type I have increased vulnerability to 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity.

  Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20061001

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  Mitochondrion 20061001

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  Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 20060901

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  Neuroscience research 20060901

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  Neuroscience research 20060901

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  Behavioural pharmacology 20060901

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  Neuroscience letters 20060814

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  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20060801

• The stamp of ancestry: roots of behavioral and neuronal impairment in adulthood.

  Experimental neurology 20060701

• Analysis of the regulation, expression, and localisation of the isocitrate lyase from Aspergillus fumigatus, a potential target for antifungal drug development.

  Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 20060701

• Mitochondrial inhibition prior to oxygen-withdrawal facilitates the occurrence of hypoxia-induced spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices.

  Journal of neurophysiology 20060701

• Ischemic tolerance in chemical preconditioning: possible role of astrocytic glutamine synthetase buffering glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity.

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• Therapeutic activity of C5a receptor antagonists in a rat model of neurodegeneration.

  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20060701

• Sp1 is up-regulated in cellular and transgenic models of Huntington disease, and its reduction is neuroprotective.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20060616

• Longevity in mice: is stress resistance a common factor?

  Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 20060601

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  Journal of cellular biochemistry 20060501

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  Journal of neurochemistry 20060501

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  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20060501

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  Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 20060501

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  The European journal of neuroscience 20060501

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  Neurobiology of disease 20060401

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  Neurochemistry international 20060401

• Endotoxin preconditioning protects neurones from in vitro ischemia: role of endogenous IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.

  Journal of neuroimmunology 20060401

• Cystamine and cysteamine prevent 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells.

  The European journal of neuroscience 20060401

• [The research of the pathogen responsible for Pleurocybella porrigens related encephalopathy: investigation of 3-nitropropionic acid hypothesis].

  No to shinkei = Brain and nerve 20060401

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  The Journal of biological chemistry 20060303

• Mice lacking alpha-synuclein are resistant to mitochondrial toxins.

  Neurobiology of disease 20060301

• Metabolic insights into the hepatoprotective role of N-acetylcysteine in mouse liver.

  Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20060301

• Neuronal and astrocytic shuttle mechanisms for cytosolic-mitochondrial transfer of reducing equivalents: current evidence and pharmacological tools.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20060214

• Mechanisms of hypoxic tolerance in presymptomatic APP23 transgenic mice.

  Mechanisms of ageing and development 20060201

• [Aristolochic acid nephropathy and acute encephalopathy related to Pleurocybella porrigens (Sugihiratake)].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20060201

• Protective effect of S-allylcysteine on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain synaptosomes.

  Brain research bulletin 20060130

• Alterations in the cortical and peripheral somatosensory evoked activity of rats treated with 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Toxicology letters 20060125

• UCM707, an inhibitor of the anandamide uptake, behaves as a symptom control agent in models of Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis, but fails to delay/arrest the progression of different motor-related disorders.

  European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20060101

• Effect of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E on brain energy metabolism in the animal model of Huntington's disease.

  Neurochemistry international 20060101

• Growth inhibition by nitrocompounds of selected uric acid-utilizing microorganisms isolated from poultry manure.

  Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes 20060101

• The carcinogenic potential of tacrolimus ointment beyond immune suppression: a hypothesis creating case report.

  BMC cancer 20060101

• Preservation of striatal tissue and behavioral function after neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

  Neuroscience 20060101

• [Hairy root induction and plant regeneration of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes].

  Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology 20060101

• Delayed postconditionig initiates additive mechanism necessary for survival of selectively vulnerable neurons after transient ischemia in rat brain.

  Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20060101

• Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

  Behavioral and brain functions : BBF 20060101

• The changes in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity after postconditioning.

  Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20060101

• Hypoxic vasoconstriction of partial muscular intra-acinar pulmonary arteries in murine precision cut lung slices.

  Respiratory research 20060101

• Kinetic modeling of tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its application to assessment of drug targets.

  Theoretical biology & medical modelling 20060101

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  Hippocampus 20060101

• Involvement of calpain activation in neurodegenerative processes.

  CNS drug reviews 20060101

• Genetic analysis of the GRIK2 modifier effect in Huntington's disease.

  BMC neuroscience 20060101

• Mitochondrial oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease: implications for mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapeutics.

  Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 20060101

• Estrogen protects neuronal cells from amyloid beta-induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial proteins and function.

  BMC neuroscience 20060101

• Cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by 3-nitropropionic acid is associated with increased expression of erythropoietin in rats.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20060101

• The acute effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on the behavior and spontaneous cortical electrical activity of rats.

  Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis 20060101

• Wild-type huntingtin ameliorates striatal neuronal atrophy but does not prevent other abnormalities in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease.

  BMC neuroscience 20060101

• Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II affects dopamine metabolism and decreases its uptake into striatal synaptosomes.

  Folia neuropathologica 20060101

• Mitochondrial toxins in Basal Ganglia disorders: from animal models to therapeutic strategies.

  Current neuropharmacology 20060101

• Mitochondrial cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mediates mitochondrial gene expression and neuronal survival.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20051209

• 3-Nitropropionic acid: a mitochondrial toxin to uncover physiopathological mechanisms underlying striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease.

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• Effects of 3-nitropropionic acid in rats: general toxicity and functional neurotoxicity.

  Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju 20051201

• Neuroprotective effect of taurine in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced experimental animal model of Huntington's disease phenotype.

  Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 20051101

• Evidence for a role of second pathophysiological stress in prevention of delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region.

  Neurochemical research 20051101

• Effects of mitochondrial toxins on the brain amino acid concentrations.

  Neurochemical research 20051101

• Behavioral alterations in Lewis rats following two-day continuous 3-nitropropionic acid administration.

  Neurotoxicity research 20051101

• Differential effects of sublethal ischemia and chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid on protein expression in gerbil hippocampus.

  Life sciences 20051021

• The histaminergic signaling system exerts a neuroprotective role against neurodegenerative-induced processes in the hamster.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20051001

• Neuroprotective effect of zVAD against the neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid involves inhibition of calpain.

  Neuropharmacology 20051001

• Effects of creatine treatment on survival and differentiation of GABA-ergic neurons in cultured striatal tissue.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20051001

• [Animal models of parkinsonism].

  Revue neurologique 20051001

• Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats.

  Brain research bulletin 20050930

• A potential role for beta- and gamma-crystallins in the vascular remodeling of the eye.

  Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 20050901

• Depressant effect of mitochondrial respiratory complex inhibitors on proteasome inhibitor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells.

  Neurochemical research 20050901

• Mitochondrial regulation of insulin production in rat pancreatic islets.

  Diabetologia 20050801

• Celastrol protects against MPTP- and 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20050801

• Identification of rat hippocampal mRNAs altered by the mitochondrial toxicant, 3-NPA.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20050801

• L-carnitine and neuroprotection in the animal model of mitochondrial dysfunction.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20050801

• Effects of metabolic modifiers such as carnitines, coenzyme Q10, and PUFAs against different forms of neurotoxic insults: metabolic inhibitors, MPTP, and methamphetamine.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20050801

• Effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channel activators diazoxide and BMS-191095 on membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production in isolated piglet mitochondria.

  Brain research bulletin 20050730

• The critical threshold of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced ischemic tolerance in the rat.

  Brain research 20050719

• Arvanil, a hybrid endocannabinoid and vanilloid compound, behaves as an antihyperkinetic agent in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

  Brain research 20050719

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  Cell 20050701

• Inducible neuronal expression of transgenic TGF-beta1 in vivo: dissection of short-term and long-term effects.

  The European journal of neuroscience 20050701

• 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a potent antimycobacterial agent from endophytic fungi: is 3-NPA in some plants produced by endophytes?

  Journal of natural products 20050701

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  Neuroscience letters 20050624

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• Melatonin protects against neuronal damage induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat striatum.

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  Pharmacology 20050601

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 are jointly required for in vivo growth and virulence.

  Nature medicine 20050601

• Neuroprotection by adenosine in the brain: From A(1) receptor activation to A (2A) receptor blockade.

  Purinergic signalling 20050601

• The nature of the stimulus and of the fumarate binding site of the fumarate sensor DcuS of Escherichia coli.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20050527

• Effects of riluzole on combined MPTP + 3-nitropropionic acid-induced mild to moderate striatonigral degeneration in mice.

  Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20050501

• Induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1 attenuates metabolic insults induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat C6 glioma cells.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20050501

• Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration.

  Annals of neurology 20050501

• Grafted neural stem cells shield the host environment from oxidative stress.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20050501

• Functional neurotoxic effects in rats elicited by 3-nitropropionic acid in acute and subacute administration.

  Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 20050501

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  Brain research 20050408

• Regional selectivity of amyloid mRNA expression and neurotrophins on repetitive inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.

  Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20050401

• Protective effects of ginseng saponins on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration in rats.

  Neuropharmacology 20050401

• Toxicity and metabolism of the conjugates of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionic acid in forages poisonous to livestock.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20050323

• Oxidative stress in transgenic mice with oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein overexpression replicates the characteristic neuropathology of multiple system atrophy.

  The American journal of pathology 20050301

• Fluoro-Jade C results in ultra high resolution and contrast labeling of degenerating neurons.

  Brain research 20050221

• 3-nitropropionic acid-induced hydrogen peroxide, mitochondrial DNA damage, and cell death are attenuated by Bcl-2 overexpression in PC12 cells.

  Brain research. Molecular brain research 20050218

• Proteomic analysis of oxidatively modified proteins induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid in human astrocytes expressing the HIV protein tat.

  Brain research. Molecular brain research 20050218

• Minocycline in phenotypic models of Huntington's disease.

  Neurobiology of disease 20050201

• Acute effects of pulsed microwaves and 3-nitropropionic acid on neuronal ultrastructure in the rat caudate-putamen.

  Bioelectromagnetics 20050201

• Paradoxical increase in 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity by alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone, a spin-trapping agent.

  Chang Gung medical journal 20050201

• Scope and limitations of the nitro-Mannich reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-diamines.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20050121

• 3-nitropropionic acid model of metabolic stress: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging.

  Methods in molecular medicine 20050101

• Adenosine A1 receptors and the anticonvulsant potential of drugs effective in the model of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced seizures in mice.

  European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20050101

• A novel azulenyl nitrone antioxidant protects against MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicities.

  Experimental neurology 20050101

• Neurotrophic factor expression after focal brain ischemia preceded by different preconditioning strategies.

  Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 20050101

• Permanent threshold shift caused by acute cochlear mitochondrial dysfunction is primarily mediated by degeneration of the lateral wall of the cochlea.

  Audiology & neuro-otology 20050101

• Gait dynamics in mouse models of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

  Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation 20050101

• Overexpression of Bcl-xl protects septal neurons from prolonged hypoglycemia and from acute ischemia-like stress.

  Neuroscience 20050101

• Chemical preconditioning by 3-nitropropionic acid reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20050101

• FK506 prevents mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat primary cortical cultures.

  Neurobiology of disease 20041201

• Nicotinic receptor modulation for neuroprotection and enhancement of functional recovery following brain injury or disease.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20041201

• Effect of nicotine on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes.

  European journal of pharmacology 20041119

• The mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid, induces extracellular Zn2+ accumulation in rat hippocampus slices.

  Neuroscience letters 20041111

• A novel systemically active caspase inhibitor attenuates the toxicities of MPTP, malonate, and 3NP in vivo.

  Neurobiology of disease 20041101

• Protective effect of melatonin on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes in an animal model of Huntington's disease.

  Journal of pineal research 20041101

• Potential involvement of cannabinoid receptors in 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity in vivo.

  Neuroreport 20041025

• Creatine protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced cell death in murine corticostriatal slice cultures.

  Brain research 20041022

• Menadione reduces rotenone-induced cell death in cerebellar granule neurons.

  Neuroreport 20041005

• Influence of chemical and ischemic preconditioning on cytokine expression after focal brain ischemia.

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• Increased Alix (apoptosis-linked gene-2 interacting protein X) immunoreactivity in the degenerating striatum of rats chronically treated by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Neuroscience letters 20040930

• Neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine in the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-evoked neurotoxicity in rats.

  Neuroscience letters 20040902

• Mitochondrial permeability transition in neuronal damage promoted by Ca2+ and respiratory chain complex II inhibition.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040901

• Antioxidant effects of taurine, vitamin C, and vitamin E on oxidative damage in hippocampus caused by the administration of 3-nitropropionic acid in rats.

  The International journal of neuroscience 20040901

• Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20040813

• The c-Raf inhibitor GW5074 provides neuroprotection in vitro and in an animal model of neurodegeneration through a MEK-ERK and Akt-independent mechanism.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040801

• Strain dependence of receptor regulation on chemical preconditioning in mice hippocampus.

  Neuroscience letters 20040729

• A novel animal model of acute cochlear mitochondrial dysfunction.

  Neuroreport 20040719

• Nitrification by plants that also fix nitrogen.

  Nature 20040701

• Altered oxidative stress response of the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20040611

• 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity--assessed by ultra high resolution positron emission tomography with comparison to magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040601

• Proactive transplantation of human neural stem cells prevents degeneration of striatal neurons in a rat model of Huntington disease.

  Neurobiology of disease 20040601

• Deleterious effects of minocycline in animal models of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

  The European journal of neuroscience 20040601

• Protective effects of S-nitrosoglutathione against neurotoxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid in rat.

  Neuroscience letters 20040527

• Induction of corticostriatal LTP by 3-nitropropionic acid requires the activation of mGluR1/PKC pathway.

  Neuropharmacology 20040501

• Striatal cells from mutant huntingtin knock-in mice are selectively vulnerable to mitochondrial complex II inhibitor-induced cell death through a non-apoptotic pathway.

  Human molecular genetics 20040401

• Production of toxic metabolites in Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei: justification of mycotoxin testing in food grade enzyme preparations derived from the three fungi.

  Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 20040401

• Experimental basis for the putative role of GluR6/kainate glutamate receptor subunit in Huntington's disease natural history.

  Neurobiology of disease 20040401

• Effect of glucocorticoids on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes.

  European journal of pharmacology 20040319

• Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II alters striatal expression of genes involved in glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling: possible implications for Huntington's disease.

  Neurobiology of disease 20040301

• Mice deficient in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase show increased vulnerability to MPTP, malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040301

• Mitochondrial calcium, oxidative stress and apoptosis in a neurodegenerative disease model induced by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040301

• Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of the adenosine A2A receptor attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal damage.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20040201

• Death of cortical and striatal neurons induced by mitochondrial defect involves differential molecular mechanisms.

  Neurobiology of disease 20040201

• Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in assessing 3-nitropropionic acid-induced brain lesions: an animal model of Huntington's disease.

  Progress in neurobiology 20040201

• Chronic intoxication with 3-nitropropionic acid in rats induces the loss of striatal dopamine terminals without affecting nigral cell viability.

  Neuroscience letters 20040116

• MPTP potentiates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal damage in mice: reference to striatonigral degeneration.

  Experimental neurology 20040101

• Neuronal vulnerability following inhibition of mitochondrial complex II: a possible ionic mechanism for Huntington's disease.

  Molecular and cellular neurosciences 20040101

• Sertoli cell grafts for Huntington's disease. An opinion.

  Neurotoxicity research 20040101

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  Neurotoxicity research 20040101

• Involvement of apoptosis in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced ischemic tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

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• Differential depression of spinal synaptic transmission in vitro by different hypoxic insults.

  Indian journal of experimental biology 20040101

• Pharmacological preconditioning in global cerebral ischemia.

  Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement 20040101

• Hypoxic increase in nitric oxide generation of rat sensory neurons requires activation of mitochondrial complex II and voltage-gated calcium channels.

  Neuroscience 20040101

• Inhibition of caspase-3 activation and apoptosis is involved in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced ischemic tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

  Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 20040101

• Neurotoxins and neurotoxic species implicated in neurodegeneration.

  Neurotoxicity research 20040101

• Oral uridine pro-drug PN401 decreases neurodegeneration, behavioral impairment, weight loss and mortality in the 3-nitropropionic acid mitochondrial toxin model of Huntington's disease.

  Brain research 20031219

• Glutamate uptake inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine 2,4-dicarboxylate becomes neurotoxic in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionate: involvement of mitochondrial reducing activity and ATP production.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20031215

• Effects of mitochondrial inhibitors and uncouplers on hypoxic vasoconstriction in rabbit lungs.

  American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 20031201

• Bcl-2 prevents loss of cell viability and caspase activation induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in GT1-7 cells.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20031201

• Diazoxide induces delayed pre-conditioning in cultured rat cortical neurons.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20031101

• In vivo calpain/caspase cross-talk during 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration: implication of a calpain-mediated cleavage of active caspase-3.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20031031

• 3-Nitropropionic acid increases frataxin expression in human lymphoblasts and in transgenic rat PC12 cells.

  Neuroscience letters 20031030

• Histone deacetylase inhibition by sodium butyrate chemotherapy ameliorates the neurodegenerative phenotype in Huntington's disease mice.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20031015

• Neuroprotection and neuronal dysfunction upon repetitive inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.

  Experimental neurology 20031001

• Neurodegeneration in striatum induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in early blood-brain barrier disruption?

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20030924

• Chemical preconditioning prevents paradoxical increase in glutamate release during ischemia by activating ATP-dependent potassium channels in gerbil hippocampus.

  Experimental neurology 20030901

• Type I glutaric aciduria, part 2: a model of acute striatal necrosis.

  American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 20030815

• Neuropathological and behavioral changes induced by various treatment paradigms with MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid in mice: towards a model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy).

  Acta neuropathologica 20030801

• Differential responsiveness of rat striatal nerve endings to the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: implications for Huntington's disease.

  The European journal of neuroscience 20030801

• Influence of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and calpain activity on the mechanism of neuron death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Neurochemistry international 20030701

• Alpha-synuclein protects naive but not dbcAMP-treated dopaminergic cell types from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20030701

• GFAP knockout mice have increased levels of GDNF that protect striatal neurons from metabolic and excitotoxic insults.

  The Journal of comparative neurology 20030630

• Calpain is a major cell death effector in selective striatal degeneration induced in vivo by 3-nitropropionate: implications for Huntington's disease.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20030615

• A dual role of adenosine A2A receptors in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal lesions: implications for the neuroprotective potential of A2A antagonists.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20030615

• The effect on motor cortical neuronal development of focal lesions to the sub-cortical white matter in the neonatal rat: a model for periventricular leukomalacia.

  International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience 20030601

• Structural and functional neuroprotection in a rat model of Huntington's disease by viral gene transfer of GDNF.

  Experimental neurology 20030601

• 1,3-Dinitrobenzene inhibits mitochondrial complex II in rat and mouse brainstem and cortical astrocytes.

  Neurotoxicology 20030601

• Age-associated changes in SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in response to the generation of ROS by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Mechanisms of ageing and development 20030601

• Calpain facilitates the neuron death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid and contributes to the necrotic morphology.

  Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 20030601

• Essential role of complex II of the respiratory chain in hypoxia-induced ROS generation in the pulmonary vasculature.

  American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 20030501

• Sp1 and Sp3 are oxidative stress-inducible, antideath transcription factors in cortical neurons.

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• Possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine on methamphetamine-evoked neurotoxicity.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20030501

• Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine in induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20030501

• 3-nitropropionic acid inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells: antagonism by L-carnitine.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20030501

• Opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels is a trigger of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

  Stroke 20030401

• Quantitative on-line monitoring of hippocampus glucose and lactate metabolism in organotypic cultures using biosensor technology.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20030401

• Neuroprotective effects of (+/-)-huprine Y on in vitro and in vivo models of excitoxicity damage.

  Experimental neurology 20030401

• Knockout of p75NTR does not alter the viability of striatal neurons following a metabolic or excitotoxic injury.

  Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 20030401

• Differential regulation of 5' splice variants of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 in an in vivo model of chemical hypoxia induced by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20030315

• Specific progressive cAMP reduction implicates energy deficit in presymptomatic Huntington's disease knock-in mice.

  Human molecular genetics 20030301

• Compounds acting at the endocannabinoid and/or endovanilloid systems reduce hyperkinesia in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20030301

• Microglial activation and cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: in vitro and in vivo studies.

  Neurobiology of disease 20030301

• Mitochondrial complex inhibitors preferentially damage substantia nigra dopamine neurons in rat brain slices.

  Experimental neurology 20030101

• Polycyclic phenols, estrogens and neuroprotection: a proposed mitochondrial mechanism.

  Experimental gerontology 20030101

• Homocysteine-induced brain lipid peroxidation: effects of NMDA receptor blockade, antioxidant treatment, and nitric oxide synthase inhibition.

  Neurotoxicity research 20030101

• FK506 attenuates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- and 3-nitropropionic acid-evoked inhibition of kynurenic acid synthesis in rat cortical slices.

  Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis 20030101

• Mitochondrial complex II is essential for hypoxia-induced ROS generation and vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature.

  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 20030101

• Mitochondrial complex I inhibition produces selective damage to hippocampal subfield CA1 in organotypic slice cultures.

  Neurotoxicity research 20030101

• Effects of Sertoli cell transplants in a 3-nitropropionic acid model of early Huntington's disease: a preliminary study.

  Neurotoxicity research 20030101

• Dystonia is predictive of subsequent altered dopaminergic responsiveness in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine+3-nitropropionic acid model of striatonigral degeneration in monkeys.

  Neuroscience letters 20021219

• Estrogen blocks 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Ca2+i increase and cell damage in cultured rat cerebral endothelial cells.

  Brain research 20021122

• Calcium-dependent cleavage of endogenous wild-type huntingtin in primary cortical neurons.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20021018

• The adenosine A1 receptor agonist adenosine amine congener exerts a neuroprotective effect against the development of striatal lesions and motor impairments in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of neurotoxicity.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20021015

• 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 3-nitropropionic acid diminish cortical synthesis of kynurenic acid via interference with kynurenine aminotransferases in rats.

  Neuroscience letters 20020913

• Analysis of mitochondrial free radical generation in animal models of neuronal disease.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20020901

• The effect of aging on p38 signaling pathway activity in the mouse liver and in response to ROS generated by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Mechanisms of ageing and development 20020901

• Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid on kynurenine aminotransferase in the rat brain.

  Experimental neurology 20020901

• 3-Nitropropionic acid induces cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat corticostriatal slice cultures.

  Neuroscience letters 20020823

• Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning requires sequential activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and Akt.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20020801

• Striatal and cortical neurochemical changes induced by chronic metabolic compromise in the 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease.

  Neurobiology of disease 20020801

• Decreased TCA cycle rate in the rat brain after acute 3-NP treatment measured by in vivo 1H-[13C] NMR spectroscopy.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20020801

• Reduction of Alamar Blue, a novel redox indicator, is dependent on both the glycolytic and oxidative metabolism of glucose in rat cultured neurons.

  Neuroscience letters 20020705

• The differential vulnerability of striatal projection neurons in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats does not match that typical of adult-onset Huntington's disease.

  Experimental neurology 20020701

• beta-Amyloid neurotoxicity is exacerbated during glycolysis inhibition and mitochondrial impairment in the rat hippocampus in vivo and in isolated nerve terminals: implications for Alzheimer's disease.

  Experimental neurology 20020701

• 3-Nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity in hippocampal slice cultures: developmental and regional vulnerability and dependency on glucose.

  Experimental neurology 20020701

• Mice overexpressing 70-kDa heat shock protein show increased resistance to malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Experimental neurology 20020701

• Involvement of superoxide in excitotoxicity and DNA fragmentation in striatal vulnerability in mice after treatment with the mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20020701

• Corticostriatopallidal neuroprotection by adenovirus-mediated ciliary neurotrophic factor gene transfer in a rat model of progressive striatal degeneration.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20020601

• Dopamine transporter knock-out mice are hypersensitive to 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal damage.

  The European journal of neuroscience 20020601

• A method to assay glyoxylate cycle inhibitors for antifungals.

  The Journal of antibiotics 20020601

• 3-nitropropionic acid-induced changes in bilayer fluidity in synaptosomal membranes: implications for Huntington's disease.

  Neurochemical research 20020601

• Chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid: lack of induction of neuronal tolerance in gerbil hippocampus subjected to transient forebrain ischemia.

  Brain research bulletin 20020501

• Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20020419

• Mitochondrial toxin inhibition of [(3)H]dopamine uptake into rat striatal synaptosomes.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20020415

• Alleviation of motor hyperactivity and neurochemical deficits by endocannabinoid uptake inhibition in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

  Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 20020401

• Gender-dependent hypoxic tolerance mediated via gender-specific mechanisms.

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  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20020401

• Coenzyme Q10 as a possible treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.

  Free radical research 20020401

• Evaluation of 3-nitrotyrosine as a marker for 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in Lewis and Wistar rats and strain-specific whole brain spheroid cultures.

  Brain research 20020322

• Excitotoxic and metabolic damage to the rodent striatum: role of the P75 neurotrophin receptor and glial progenitors.

  The Journal of comparative neurology 20020318

• The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid induces striatal neurodegeneration via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun module.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20020315

• Modulation of apoptotic regulatory proteins and early activation of cytochrome C following systemic 3-nitropropionic acid administration.

  Brain research bulletin 20020315

• ATP-dependent potassium channel mediates neuroprotection by chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid in gerbil hippocampus.

  Neuroscience letters 20020301

• Hypoxic tolerance induction in rat brain slices following 3-nitropropionic acid pretreatment as revealed by dynamic changes in glucose metabolism.

  Neuroscience letters 20020215

• Immediate-early gene response to methamphetamine, haloperidol, and quinolinic acid is not impaired in Huntington's disease transgenic mice.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20020201

• The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid aggravates reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia in rats.

  Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 20020201

• Partial ablations of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in monkeys cause linked deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements and adaptive modification of the VOR.

  Journal of neurophysiology 20020201

• Evaluation of neuronal cell death by laser scanning cytometry.

  Brain research. Brain research protocols 20020201

• A simple method to measure stride length as an index of nigrostriatal dysfunction in mice.

  Journal of neuroscience methods 20020130

• Behavioral and morphological comparison of two nonhuman primate models of Huntington's disease.

  Neurosurgery 20020101

• The mechanisms of neuronal death produced by mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: the roles of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and mitochondrial calcium overload.

  Neuroscience 20020101

• Acute and chronic alterations in calcium homeostasis in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated human NT2-N neurons.

  Neuroscience 20020101

• Impaired hypoxic tolerance and altered protein binding of NADH in presymptomatic APP23 transgenic mice.

  Neuroscience 20020101

• Subacute systemic 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication induces a distinct motor disorder in adult C57Bl/6 mice: behavioural and histopathological characterisation.

  Neuroscience 20020101

• Increased neuronal hypoxic tolerance induced by repetitive chemical hypoxia.

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• Neuroprotective role of L-carnitine in the 3-nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity.

  Toxicology letters 20011215

• Elucidation of the quantitative significance of pyruvate carboxylation in cultured cerebellar neurons and astrocytes.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20011201

• Excretion of miserotoxin and detoxification of the aglycone by grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae).

  Phytochemistry 20011101

• Perseverative behavior underlying attentional set-shifting deficits in rats chronically treated with the neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Experimental neurology 20011101

• Inhibition of glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles from rat brain by 3-nitropropionic acid in vitro.

  Experimental neurology 20011101

• Concentrations of different sterols in the striatum and serum of 3-nitropropionic acid-treated Wistar and Lewis rats.

  Neurochemical research 20011101

• A bile acid protects against motor and cognitive deficits and reduces striatal degeneration in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease.

  Experimental neurology 20011001

• Mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid induces cardiac and neurotoxicity differentially in mice.

  The American journal of pathology 20011001

• Fluoro-Jade and silver methods: application to the neuropathology of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.

  Brain research. Brain research protocols 20011001

• Phospholipid fatty acids and neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

  Neuroscience letters 20010831

• In vivo hydroxyl radical formation after quinolinic acid infusion into rat corpus striatum.

  Neuroreport 20010828

• Taurine increases rat survival and reduces striatal damage caused by 3-nitropropionic acid.

  The International journal of neuroscience 20010801

• Changes in endocannabinoid transmission in the basal ganglia in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

  Neuroreport 20010720

• Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II induces a long-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated synaptic excitation in the striatum requiring endogenous dopamine.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20010715

• Topological analysis of striatal lesions induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in the Lewis rat.

  Neuroreport 20010613

• Protective effect of adenosine receptor agonists in a new model of epilepsy--seizures evoked by mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid, in mice.

  Neuroscience letters 20010608

• Effect of L-carnitine pretreatment on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced inhibition of rat brain succinate dehydrogenase activity.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20010601

• Biomarkers of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as indicators of neuroprotection.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20010601

• Strategies for neuroprotection against L-trans-2,4-pyrrolidine dicarboxylate-induced neuronal damage during energy impairment in vitro.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20010515

• Manganese toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA fragmentation in rat primary striatal neurons.

  Brain research bulletin 20010515

• Chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid in hearts: role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20010501

• Estradiol protects against ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decline and the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by 3-nitroproprionic acid in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20010501

• Transgenic ALS mice show increased vulnerability to the mitochondrial toxins MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Experimental neurology 20010401

• N-Acetylaspartate, a marker of both cellular dysfunction and neuronal loss: its relevance to studies of acute brain injury.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20010401

• Glucose deprivation and chemical hypoxia: neuroprotection by P2 receptor antagonists.

  Neurochemistry international 20010301

• [Neuroprotective effect of a neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid, against hypoxic damage to the gerbil hippocampus: neuroprotection after the onset of hypoxic depolarization].

  No to shinkei = Brain and nerve 20010301

• Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health.

  Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju 20010301

• White matter damage following systemic injection of the mitochondrial inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid in rat.

  Brain research 20010223

• Chemical preconditioning in mice is not mediated by upregulation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms.

  Neuroscience letters 20010216

• 'Chemical preconditioning' by 3-nitropropionate reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac-arrested rat lungs.

  Transplantation 20010215

• Orphenadrine prevents 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

  British journal of pharmacology 20010201

• Oxidative stress and neuronal DNA fragmentation mediate age-dependent vulnerability to the mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid, in the mouse striatum.

  Neurobiology of disease 20010201

• The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid induces differential expression patterns of apoptosis-related markers in rat striatum.

  Neuropathology and applied neurobiology 20010201

• Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cortical neurons is regulated by striatal target area.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20010101

• Mice with a partial deficiency of manganese superoxide dismutase show increased vulnerability to the mitochondrial toxins malonate, 3-nitropropionic acid, and MPTP.

  Experimental neurology 20010101

• On the mechanisms of neuroprotection by creatine and phosphocreatine.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20010101

• No functional effects of embryonic neuronal grafts on motor deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of advanced striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy).

  Neuroscience 20010101

• Behavioural correlates of striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein in the 3-nitropropionic acid rat model: disturbed walking pattern and spatial orientation.

  Neuroscience 20010101

• Neurotoxicity of glutamate uptake inhibition in vivo: correlation with succinate dehydrogenase activity and prevention by energy substrates.

  Neuroscience 20010101

• Neuronal ectopic expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the mouse striatum by combined administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Neuroscience 20010101

• Neurotoxicology of the brain barrier system: new implications.

  Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology 20010101

• Effect of adenosine receptor agonists on neurodegenerative and convulsive activity of mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid.

  Polish journal of pharmacology 20010101

• Brain tolerance and preconditioning.

  Polish journal of pharmacology 20010101

• Tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially prevents apoptosis induced by 3-nitropropionic acid: evidence for a mitochondrial pathway independent of the permeability transition.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20001201

• Neuroprotective role for the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB in an experimental model of Huntington's disease.

  Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 20000801

• Efficacy of 101 antimicrobials and other agents on the development of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro.

  Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology 19961201

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  DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift 19760105